Horticultural Research (Japan)
Online ISSN : 1880-3571
Print ISSN : 1347-2658
ISSN-L : 1347-2658
Volume 2, Issue 3
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
REVIEWS
REPORTS
Breeding & Germplasm Resources
  • Masato Katori, Kazunari Nomura, Keiichi Watanabe, Kazuo Yoneda
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 153-156
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Genetic relationships of 24 cultivars of flowering lotus (Nelumbo spp.) including hybrids between Asian lotus and American yellow lotus were investigated by constructing phylogenic trees based on variability of RAPD markers. Arbitrary 10-mer primers were used individually and/or two different primers mixed randomly for PCR. Forty-three of 54 primer combinations generated 204 reliable RAPD bands. Phylogenic trees for cultivars were constructed from the RAPD markers by the Wagner and neighbor joining methods. The results show three major groups of cultivars of flowering lotus: the Asian lotus group, American lotus group and old Japanese lotus group. Old Japanese lotus cultivars, Primitive lotus, Lace gem, Wisteria court and Whole world, which have been cultivated for a long time from the Edo period at eastern Japan, differing from the cultivars, Oga lotus, Gyoda lotus and Palace lotus, that were reared from seeds excavated from ancient deposits in eastern Japan. The plants of these old cultivars from eastern of Japan had the common feature of a smooth leaf surface.
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  • Ryutaro Tao, Ayumi Yamada, Tomoya Esumi, Hino Motosugi, Akira Sugiu ...
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 157-160
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study describes ploidy variations observed in plants obtained from immature embryos of hexaploid Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) ‘Fujiwaragosho’. Embryo rescue culture was conducted for 103 embryos excised from seeds in young premature fruit in mid August. All but one embryo were geminated on MS agar medium containing 5 μM zeatin. Flow cytometric measurements of the nuclear DNA content demonstrated that 67 of the 102 plants obtained were hexaploid while the remaining 35 plants were more than hexaploid. Although ploidy levels of the 35 plants appeared to be predominantly nonaploid or dodecaploid, several aneuploid plants seemed to exist. Chromosome counting in root tip cells of the plants obtained also confirmed that there was a ploidy variation in plants obtained by embryo rescue culture. The possible use of ‘Fujiwaragosho’ as a mother plant for the breeding of seedless non-astringent persimmon cultivars is discussed.
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Propagation & Transplant Production
  • Kohei Irifune, Akio Tanaka
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 161-164
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To establish the mass propagation of Lilium × formolongi hort. small bulbs by in vitro tank culture, culture conditions affecting multi-bulblets induction were studied from the perspective of scale and subsequent growth of the newly produced bulblets. More than 5 bulblets per scale were induced in a month by culture in MS medium with 5 mg·liter1 kinetin and 3% sucrose. Then, the induced bulblets with scales were transferred to medium with modified MS containing 3% sucrose, showing good growth sufficient for potting of bulbs in two months. Estimating from the theoretical scheme in which 4,500 bulbs were produced by in vitro tank culture per year, it was shown that potted plant production of lilies using the present culture conditions were feasible for small-scale production.
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  • Youichi Mizuta, Takahide Kawanishi, Susumu Yazawa
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 165-170
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We have newly developed a cellular seedlings raising system that is simple and allows seedlings to grow on papery root zone with lean medium. This seedling raising system was named the “cell sheet” system. In this system, plant roots grow horizontally on a cloth that the roots cannot penetrate (sheet cloth). The roots are covered by material that protect the roots (covering material). Both capillary watering and hydroponic watering supply the roots. The effects of the sheet cloth and the covering material on the fresh weight, survival rate and adherence of seedlings, were investigated. If the sheet cloth was Tetoron200lpi or Tetoron250lpi, the extent of bonding in the seedlings was suitable; the seedlings did not peel off even when the cell sheets were hung vertically, while most roots were not damaged when the seedlings were peeled off. When the sheet cloth was Tetoron200lpi and the covering material was 200 or 400 ml of peat-moss dried at 80 °C, the cell sheet seedlings grew bigger than those in the ordinary cellular seedling raising system with the same size cell as the cell sheet. However, the survival rate of lettuce decreased, when cell sheets were covered with peat-moss.
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Soil Management, Fertilization & Irrigation
  • Yuichi Yoshida, Hideyuki Miyata, Tanjuro Goto
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 171-174
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To estimate the critical salinity level of nutrient solution for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), ‘Nyoho’ plants were grown in peat bags (8 plants in 28 × 80 cm bags containing 18 liter of medium) with solutions prepared with tap water (EC 15 mS/m; Na, 0.35; Cl, 0.29 mM). NaCl (0, 4, 8 and 12 mM) was added to the standard solution containing NO3-N, 8; NH4-N, 0.85; P, 0.85; K, 3.8; Ca, 2.05; Mg, 0.93 mM and micro elements. Only the strength of mineral elements, but not that of NaCl, was changed according to the seasons, ranging from 50 to 100% of the standard solution. Concentration of Na and Cl in petiole increased with inclreases in the concentration of NaCl. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity were highest in the control fruit, but the concentration of NaCl did not affect significantly. Severe tip burn occurred in the calyx of the primary flower in plants supplied with 12 mM of NaCl. Average fruit weight and total yield were significantly lower in 12 mM of NaCl compared to the others. The occurrence of tip burn was also stimulated slightly by 8 mM of NaCl, but it only slightly affected the yield. When the EC value of the obtainable water containing NaCl and/or other ions is lower than 100 mS/m, equivalent to 8 mM of NaCl, the water may be available for strawberry production with peat bags.
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  • Akimasa Nakano, Yoichi Uehara
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 175-178
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of applying corn steep liquor (CSL) and methane fermented liquid cattle waste (MFC) on yield and sugar content of muskmelon fruit in organic fertigation culture were examined in comparison with converntional basal dressing of chemical fertilizer and traditional inorganic fertigation culture. CSL is a byproduct of corn starch factories. It is a viscous liquid and contains about 30 g kg−1 each of N, P2O5 and K2O. MFC was added to acetic acid (finally 48 g kg1). This treatment dissolved phosphate and calcium, and established inorganic concentrations in the liquid at 4.9 g kg1 of N, 2.2 g kg1 of P2O5 and 3.6 g kg1of K2O.
    In experiment I, yield and sugar content of melon fertilized with CSL were lowest among the treatments. These results suggested that it is difficult to cultivate muskmelon using only CSL, because of the slow and low release of nitrogen from CSL is inadequate for muskmelon production. In experiment II, yield and sugar content of melon fertilized with MFC improved and were almost the same as that of melons raised under other treatments. This is because MFC consists of 70% of inorganic nitrogen in total N, which is more suitable than CSL for early growing muskmelon. Greater leaf area caused by faster N supply led to the improvement of yield and sugar content in organic fertigation.
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Crop Production & Cropping Type
  • Masahiko Fumuro
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 179-182
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of disbudding and artificial pollination on fruit set were determined to establish bearing stabilization of Japanese persimmon cv.Tonewase and cv.Shinsyu grown in a raised bed under which a polyvinyl sheet was laid to limit root elongation under film.
    In cv.Tonewase, budding was more effective for the elevation of fruit set and artificial pollination also had an effect on that to some extent.
    In cv.Shinsyu, fruit set required pollination. Percentages of fruit set and seed numbers per fruit were decreased with dilution of pure pollen. After 10-fold dilution of pollen, the percentage of fruit set by artificial pollination of cv.Zenjimaru pollen was higher than those of cv.Nishimurawase pollen and cv.Saefuji pollen. Pollen yield of cv.Zenjimaru was the highest among the three cultivars. Percentage of fruit set was increased by artificial pollination after disbudding.
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  • Masahiko Fumuro
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 183-186
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of leaf-fruit ratio on yield and fruit quality were determined to demonstrate the optimal fruit load of 5 to 7-year-old Japanese Persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) cv.Tonewase and cv.Shinsyu grown in a raised bed under which a polyvinyl sheet was laid to limit root elongation under film.
    In both cultivars, yields decreased and average fruit weights increased with increase in leaf-fruit ratio. Leaf-fruit ratio did not affect fruit quality in cv. Tonewase, whereas the soluble solids content increased with increase in leaf-fruit ratio for cv. Shinsyu. It was considered that the optimal leaf-fruit ratios were 15 for cv. Tonewase and 20 for cv. Shinsyu, and the optimal total length of two-year-old branch per tree after pruning was about 6 m for cv. Tonewase.
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  • Kazushi Ohishi, Takanori Fukada, Yoshihide Okumura, Koichi Morioka
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 187-191
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cuttings differentiaing flower buds were rooted and grown in six cm pots under short-day conditions to reduce the size of pot-mum and save labor.
    The optimal time for cutting was about two weeks after the start of short-day treatment when the flower buds developed to the stage of floret formation. The period of cultivation and the height of spray and standard-type pot-mum were extremely reduced using cuttings differentiating flower buds compared with the ordinary culture method of pot-mum in which vegetative cuttings were rooted under long-day condition. This new culture method decreased the number of flowers on spray-type chrysanthemums (Dendranthema grandiflorum). However, it had little influence on the number of flowers on some interspecific hybrids between D. grandiflorum and D. pacificum.
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  • Hiroyuki Sugiura, Masayoshi Fujita
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 193-198
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effects of multiple sprayings of ethephon and cold storage of cuttings on stem length and flowering of summer-to-autumn-flowering large-flowered chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura), were studied to obtain cut flowers with 80 cm stem length in September under open field conditions in both lowland and highland environments. In both cultivars, a combination of ethephon sprays, lighting and cold storage of cuttings had an additive effect on stem length. In ‘Summer-yellow’, flowering was inhibited by four applications of ethephon spray and 30-day cold storage of cuttings on 19th September and the stem length was 90.9 cm in the lowlands. In the highlands, stems of ‘Seiun’ and ‘Summer-yellow’ were longer than in the lowlands when 45-day cold storage of cuttings and ethephon sprays were used. In ‘Summer-yellow’ flowering was inhibited by four applications of ethephon spray and 45-day cold storage of cuttings on 28th September. The stem length was 80.1 cm in the highlands.
    It is possible to harvest high quality flowers of summer-to-autumn-flowering chrysanthemum with stem lengths of more than 80 cm in late September after ethephon applications and cold storage of cuttings under open field conditions.
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  • Zentaro Inaba, Masami Horiuchi
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 199-203
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus. L.) variety Maryland Pink, Light Pink Butterfly II and Verne were grown under 2 night temperatures (6°C, 11°C) and 2 photoperiods (Natural day, 16-hr day length) in winter with pinching and non-pinching cultivation. In pinching cultivation, the flowering of the stem was accelerated by high night temperature, but that was not accelerated by long day treatment. Yields of cut flowers of Light Pink Butterfly II were the largest when grown under a combination of night temperature of 11°C and long day treatment, while those of Maryland Pink and Verne were not affected by night temperature and long day treatment. Cut flower quality was not affected by long day treatment. In non-pinching cultivation, the whole growth period was accelerated by a high night temperature, but only the flower development was accelerated by long day treatment. The number of plant nodes was decreased by long day treatment. In Light Pink Butterfly II, the node number decreased even high night temperature so.
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Growth Regulation
  • Jincai Li, Xiheng Zhao, Shuichiro Matsui, Shigenori Maezawa
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 205-208
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Naturally cold-acclimated (2 months from 10th Oct.) and non-acclimated (grown in a greenhouse at 13-28°C) potted plants of Sophrolaeliocattleya Estella Jewel (Cattleya) and Cymbidium Sazanami (Cymbidium) were exposed to 5°C for 24 hrs in the dark. Lower hydrogen peroxide concentrations were shown in plant leaves of cold-acclimated plants than in those of the non-acclimated ones during chilling treatment and during the daytime after that treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of cold-acclimated Cattleya leaves changed slightly at higher levels than those of non-acclimated ones during chilling treatment. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities of the cold-acclimated leaves shifted to higher levels compared with non-acclimated leaves during and after cold treatment. The catalase (CAT) activities increased gradually in leaves that were cold-acclimated by chilling treatment, although those activities in non-acclimated leaves fluctuated markedly by chilling. SOD and APX activities of Cymbidium showed high values in cold-acclimated plants during chilling treatment. CAT activities in the cold-acclimated plants did not decrease temporarily like non-acclimated ones during chilling treatment, and decreased after the chilling treatment. From these results, it was indicated that cold-acclimation in autumn strengthened cold-resistance of both plant species in antioxidant relations.
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  • Kazunori Ishikawa, Tadashi Baba, Sadayuki Yazawa, Hisamitsu Takahashi, ...
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 209-213
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of gibberellin (GA3) and 1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-3-phenylurea (CPPU) on enlargement of seedless berry induced by streptomycin (SM) in the grape cv.‘Fujiminori’ were investigated.
    1. Seedless berries induced by SM were treated with the mixture of GA3 25 ppm and CPPU 5, 7.5 or 10 ppm. The higher the concentration of CPPU used, the heavier the cluster that was harvested. However, individual berry weight was less than 20 g.
    2. The number of berries per cluster did not affect the promotion of berry size, in comparison with CPPU treatment. The best result was realized when berry thinning to about 23 berries per cluster was performed.
    3. Enlarged grapes over 20 g were harvested when berries were sprayed by GA3 2.5 ppm at full bloom, followed by a mixture of GA3 50 to 100 ppm and CPPU 10 ppm 11 days later. The berries did not show any inferior effects such as pale skin color, lower sweetness and less acidity.
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Disease & Pest Management
  • Prommart Koohakan, Hideo Ikeda, Shin-ichi Kusakari, Takao Masuda, Kazu ...
    2003 Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 215-219
    Published: 2003
    Released on J-STAGE: February 19, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Effects of a newly developed sterilizing system using TiO2 photocatalysis on the suppression of tomato root rot disease in nutrient solution were evaluated. The germination rate of Fusarium oxysporum micro-conidia was suppressed to nearly zero when 100 liter of infested water was passed through the sterilizing system at flow rate of between 5 and 20 liter/min for 90 min. The germination rate of Pythium aphanidermatum zoospores was suppressed to nearly zero when 30 liter of infested water was passed through the system at flow rates of 5 and 10 liter/min for 10 and 60 min, respectively. In the solution culture of tomato seedlings, this sterilizing system could delay the outbreak of Pythium root rot by 2-3 days compared with the control. The tops of the tomato plants showed chlorosis and the TiO2 surface became brown at the end of experiment, suggesting that there was an Fe deficiency in the plants. The concentrations of Fe and Zn in the nutrient solution rapidly decreased soon after sterilization of the nutrient solution was initiated. The current sterilizing system using TiO2 photocatalysis requires further improvement for practical use.
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