Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology
Online ISSN : 1884-2828
Print ISSN : 0021-5112
ISSN-L : 0021-5112
Volume 20, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • KAMESABURO YOSHINO
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 111-125
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • DEN'ICHI MIZUNO, YASUHIRO ANRAKU
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 127-149
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    To elucidate the mechanism of turnover of RNA, enzymes related to the complete degradation of RNA molecules in the cells of Escherichia coli were studied and theoretically possible systems for their action were reconstructed.A hypotherical model of these enzyme systems was proposed with two distinct pathways for RNA degradation with subsequent re-utilization of the resulting materials. These pathways are the RNase I pathway and the PNPase-RNase II pathway. Some experimental evidence showing that this model system is actually working in vivo was given and possible mechanisms for the regulation of the pathways were discussed.
    Based on the present hypothesis, the sense of the phenomenon of turnover used hitherto was reconsidered and molecular aspects of the turnover of RNA were presented in a new light.
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  • III. STUDIES ON THE METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION OF SABIN VACCINE FOR BABIES
    VACCINE ADMINISTRATION SUBCOMMITTEE
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 151-166
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two methods of administration of Sabin vaccine were investigated in 474 infants mostly 0 to 8 months of age, with two levels of dose, 105.0 and 106.0 TCID50. In Method 1, monovalent type 1, divalent types 2 and 3, and trivalent vaccine, were administered in this order, and in Method 2, trivalent vaccine was given twice; the interval between consecutive feedings was 6 to 8 weeks, Immunization at the age of 3 months or later by Method 1 was shown to be most effective and, in this case, 105.0 TCID50 dose was as satisfactory as 106.0 TCID50 dose. The most suitable time for the first feeding of vaccine is considered to be about 3 months after birth. In spite of inferior effectiveness to Method 1, Method 2 is considered to be practically satisfactory enough in infants over 3 months of age, particularly so because the method is less complicated.
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  • IV. MARKER TESTS ON POLIOVIRUS STRAINS RECOVERED FROM VACCINEES AND THEIR CONTACTS
    MARKER TEST SUBCOMMITTEE
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 167-173
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    T (rct) marker tests were carried out with a total of 364 strains, including 195 type 1, 51 type 2 and 118 type 3 poliovirus strains. Type 1 and type 2 strains were shown to be predominantly T- in 82 and 77 %, respectively, and a few (1 and 6 %) were T+ strains, whereas type 3 strains were T- at a low ratio of 25 % while 41 % thereof were T+. These findings indicate that, concerning the T marker, Sabin's type 1 and type 2 viruses are relatively stable, whereas the type 3 virus is rather unstable. Change from d- to d± or d+ of Sabin's vaccine viruses was also shown to be frequent; d-, d± and d+ strains were found in 23, 21 and 56 %, respectively, among 105 type 1 strains; in 15, 22 and 63% among 40 type 2 strains; and in 17, 17 and 65% among 52 type 3 strains.
    These findings obviously indicate that the vaccine viruses do not remain con-stant genetically after multiplication in human beings. In relation to the safety of the vaccine, this information is of importance merely in the sense that the results of the marker tests are of value in selecting the strains for the neurovirulence test in monkeys, which supplies further information on the change in virulence of the vaccine viruses after human passages. It is evident, however, that the ultimate safety of the vaccine rests upon a long-term vigilance on the outcome of its use in the field.
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  • MASATSUGU KANAMITSU, AKIKO KASAMAKI, MIKIO OGAWA, SHOICHI KASAHARA, MA ...
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 175-194
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Cynomolgus monkeys were fed with a virulent strain of type 1 poliovirus (Mahoney), and the site of initial multiplication of the virus in the alimentary tract was investigated immunofluorescently. The virus antigen appeared as short as 24 hr after the feeding in both the squamous epithelial cells of the oropharynx and the macrophages of lymphatic structure of the tonsils. The virus antigen was also detectable at the early stage of infection in the reticulo-endothelial cells of the lamina propria of the intestines. Multiplication of poliovirus in the endothelial cells was substantiated by electron-microscopic demonstration of a characteristic crystalline inclusion consisting of poliovirus-like particles in the cytoplasm of the cells. No convincing evidence supporting multiplication of the virus in the mucosal epithelium of the intestines was obtained. Macrophages with intracytoplasmic fluorescence appeared abundantly after the onset of viremia in the lymph nodes, the spleen and the liver. Poliovirus antigen appeared after the onset of paralysis in the central nervous system, particularly in high concentrations in the motor nerve cells of the spinal cord. Poliovirus antigen was also detectable in inflammatory cells, principally the neutrophilic leucocytes, of various tissues at the late stage of infection.
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  • CLINICAL AND BACTERIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
    MASAO TAKASAKA, SHIGEO HONJO, TOORU FUJIWARA, KIYOSHI IMAIZUMI, HIDEMA ...
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 195-198
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • HIROTO SHIMOJO, TADASHI YAMASHITA, HIROSHI YAMAMOTO, EIKO SUZUKI, CHIK ...
    1967 Volume 20 Issue 2 Pages 199-203
    Published: 1967
    Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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