生物物理化学
Online ISSN : 1349-9785
Print ISSN : 0031-9082
ISSN-L : 0031-9082
2 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1~6を表示しています
  • 高浪 満
    1955 年 2 巻 4 号 p. 247-258
    発行日: 1955/12/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    以上述べた考察および実験の結果を要約すれば,生体構成物質の主要な物理化学的性質を決めているものは,イオン,極性,非極性という靜電的構成であると考えることができるが,このような生体構成物質およびその聚合系の超遠心力場の取扱いには,便宜上単独高分子物質と,聚合系を区別して取扱った方が便利である.蛋白質,核酸,多糖類等の生体構成物質についてイオン・極性基/非極性基比が分子形態,比容に関係していると考える事ができ,極性溶媒である水中では主として分子表面に分布するイオン・極性基と溶媒相との相互作用(溶媒和)がこの物質の沈降に対する抵抗として働らくだろう.しかし分子表面のイオン基の解離は溶媒条件によって左右されるから,直接沈降速度の測定値に変化を与えるであろう.従って沈降定数の測定には適当な溶媒条件で行うことが重要であり,イオン荷電をある程度抑えた溶媒条件で比較的一定な固有の沈降定数が得られる.
    これに対し成分物質の靜電的性質に応じてクーロムカ,双極子間力,分散力によってとった核蛋白,糖蛋白lipo-protein等の聚合系,或いはその複合系においては,成分物質に比べてはるかに大きな次元を有するから,粒子表面と溶媒相との相互作用は無視することができ,この際の沈降速度は粒子の大きさ,密度,および溶媒相の粘度によって決まるであろう.粒子形態も勿論関係するが沈澱形態以外は表面張力の為限定される.而しここで重要な問題は
    1.聚合系の成合物質の靜電的荷電は溶媒条件によって規正されるから,聚合系の大きさ,密度等が溶媒条件が変わることによって異なってくる.
    2.このような顆粒は一般に水和量が多い為,遠心沈澱によって集められた時一つの水和界面内に包含されることが考えられる.従って再懸濁によって最初の顆粒形態と異なってくるということが起る.
    3.大型顆粒の沈降は濃度依存性が非常に大きいため,沈降速度から粒子径を計算すれば非常に小さい値となる.
    4.ここでは討論しなかったが外部要因として溶媒相のコロイド条件が粒子の大きさ,構成を規正していると考えなくてはならない55).
  • 高橋 勝三
    1955 年 2 巻 4 号 p. 259-267
    発行日: 1955/12/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author has studied the protein pattern of some experimental ascites induced by various methods by classical Tiselius procedure and paper electrophoresis and has obtained the following results.
    1) Animals having an accumulation of ascitic fluid did not necessarily reveal hypoalbuminemia, but in general they showed higher percentage of albumin in ascitic fluid than in the peripheral blood.
    2) Generally speaking, the protein patterns of concomittant ascitic fluids resembled that of serum regardless to the inducing procedures. Careful observation, however, indicates that in most cases, albumin percentage is higher in the ascites than in the circulating blood, but in some cases about equal or higher in the serum.
  • 井上 章, 高橋 勝三
    1955 年 2 巻 4 号 p. 268-277
    発行日: 1955/12/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    我々は濾紙電気泳動法における各分屑の動きを理論的並に実験的に考察したが,これを要約すれば,
    1) Kunkel & TiseliusおよびMacheboeuf一派の考え方を更に一般化することの可能性を理論的に示した.
    2) Macheboeufの蒸発効果は專らJoule熱によるものであり,従ってどのような型式の濾紙電気泳動法でも彼等の整一蒸発に近い状態にあることを明らかにした.
    3) 濾紙法において血清蛋白分屑の相対移動度の決定或いはその同定に就て述べ,α2-Glob.の相対移動度がfree Tiselius法より常に15%低いことを注意した.
  • I.細胞顆粒の界面電位に就て
    田代 裕
    1955 年 2 巻 4 号 p. 278-283
    発行日: 1955/12/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    The interfacial potential of cytoplasmic granules, i. e., mitochondria, microsome and of ultra-microsome, was studied by means of classical moving boundary method and Tiselius' electrophoretic method, and the following results were obtained.
    1. In Miller-Golder's buffer of Γ/2=0.1, the isoelectric-point was about pH 4.5.
    2. In neutral or alkaline solution, these particles were negatively charged.
    3. It seems to the author that owing mainly to this negative charge of the particles that cytoplasmic granules, such as microsome and ultramicrosome, can stably exist in cytoplasm, are basophilic, and do not agglutinate when the pH of mediumm is kept alkaline during cell fractionation.
    4. Judging from the isoelectric points of granules, it may be supposed that there exists about equal amounts of lecithine and cephalin on the surface of granules, however, further experiments are necessary to determine this precisely.
  • I.分娩前後に於ける乳成分,特に蛋白成分の変化について
    葉 緑孫, 山内 邦男
    1955 年 2 巻 4 号 p. 284-289
    発行日: 1955/12/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Influence of parturition upon the constituents of Saanen goat's and Holstein cow's milk was investigated in relation to the stage of prepartum and postpartum.
    The results obtained here are briefly summarised as follows:-
    The prepartum milk was almost resemble to colostrum in general. But in the case of goats it contained more milk-solids, protein and little less lactose than their colostrum. In the case of cow, however, prepartum milk contained less milk-solids, fat, and protein as compared with her colostrum. This difference between the dairy goats and cows may be due to the species specific lactating process.
    Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that the prepartum milk and colostrum of these two kinds of dairy animals contained much immune lactoglobulin as compared with their aged milk. In cow's milk the immune component rose from the seventh day before parturition toward the colostrum period, but in goats milk it declined from the third day before parturition toward the colostrum period, and falling rapidly two days after parturition. This component was almost precipitated with (NH4)2SO4 at 0.4 saturation.
    Casein in prepartum milk or colostrum, especially in the former, was hardly precipitated with acid, but such remaining casein type protein was able to be precipitated entirely with rennet at pH 5.4.
  • II.出産後の犢血清蛋白質の変化特にその初乳乳清蛋白質との関連について
    葉 緑孫, 山内 邦男
    1955 年 2 巻 4 号 p. 290-294
    発行日: 1955/12/15
    公開日: 2009/03/31
    ジャーナル フリー
    Electrophoretic observation was carried out on blood sera of three calves. Sera of new born calves contained no γ-globulin. It appeared after ingestion of colostrum, but its content was very low for two Holstein calves, it may be, as their initial suckling of colostrum was too late after birth (one day after birth). The serum of another calf (Guernsey) which received colostrum within 10 hours after birth contained it considerably.
    This globulin which appeared in the serum of calf during ingestion period of colostrum fairly agreed with colostrum globulin electrophoretically. The slowest moving component, which is present in cow's serum, was apparently appreciable in the serum of calf after three months of birth, but it was still less than that of cow's serum. This component is probably no related to ingestion of colostrum.
    Als in new born goat's serum, no γ-globulin was found. But appearance of this component was not successfully found within several hours after initial suckling.
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