Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Online ISSN : 1347-5215
Print ISSN : 0918-6158
ISSN-L : 0918-6158
Advance online publication
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • Bangrui Huang, Rui Han, Hong Tan, Wenzhuo Zhu, Yang Li, Fakun Jiang, C ...
    Article ID: b23-00390
    Published: 2023
    Advance online publication: October 17, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS ADVANCE PUBLICATION
    This article has been deleted at the request of the authors from this journal. The Editorial Committee of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (Februay 2, 2024)
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  • Yoshiaki Tanaka, Rina Takagi, Shingen Mitou, Machiko Shimmura, Tetsuya ...
    Article ID: b23-00872
    Published: 2024
    Advance online publication: March 01, 2024
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS ADVANCE PUBLICATION

    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) can cause visual impairment and blindness, and the increasing global prevalence of diabetes underscores the need for effective therapies to prevent and treat DR. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of pemafibrate treatment against DR, using a Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rat model of obese type 2 diabetes. SDT fatty rats were fed either a diet supplemented with pemafibrate (0.3 mg/kg/day) for 16 weeks, starting at 8 weeks of age (Pf SDT fatty: study group), or normal chow (SDT fatty: controls). Normal chow was provided to Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (SD: normal controls). Electroretinography (ERG) was performed at 8 and 24 weeks of age to evaluate the retinal neural function. After sacrifice, retinal thickness, number of retinal folds, and choroidal thickness were evaluated, and immunostaining was performed for aquaporin-4 (AQP4). No significant differences were noted in food consumption, body weight, or blood glucose level after pemafibrate administration. Triglyceride levels were reduced, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased. Extension of oscillatory potential (OP)1 and OP3 waves on ERG was suppressed in the Pf SDT fatty group. Retinal thickness at 1,500 microns from the optic disc improved in the Pf SDT fatty group. No significant improvements were noted in choroidal thickness or number of retinal folds. Quantitative analyses showed that AQP4-positive regions in the retinas were significantly larger in the Pf SDT fatty group than in the SDT fatty group. The findings suggest that pemafibrate treatment can exert protective effects against DR.

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  • Hiroshi Inano, Yoshihito Morimoto, Kanata Kitagawa, Akito Shibuya, Koz ...
    Article ID: b23-00819
    Published: 2024
    Advance online publication: February 28, 2024
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS ADVANCE PUBLICATION

    Existing antiemetic therapy against emetic-risk agents across malignancies 24 h post-dose in the acute period in CDDP-based regimens yields a satisfactory complete response (CR) rate of ≥ 90%. However, the control rate after 24 h in the delayed period is unsatisfactory. This study compared the efficacy of fosnetupitant (F-NTP), a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist, with that of fosaprepitant (F-APR) and aprepitant (APR) in the treatment of patients with cancer at high emetic risk due to chemotherapy. In this retrospective case-control study involving patients receiving cisplatin-containing regimens and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists, patients were divided into three groups based on prophylactic antiemetic therapy: F-NTP, F-APR, and APR. The CR rate was evaluated for each period up to 168 h and further subdivided into acute (0–24 h), delayed (24–120 h), overall (0–120 h), and beyond-delayed (120–168 h) periods. Eighty-eight patients were included in the F-NTP group, 66 in the F-APR group, and 268 in the APR group. The CR rates at 0–168 and 120–168 h after cisplatin administration were significantly higher in the F-NTP group than in the F-APR and APR groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, F-NTP use was an independent factor in the multivariate analysis. Prophylactic antiemetic therapy, including F-NTP, was effective and well-tolerated during the delayed period. The efficacy of F-NTP in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting was superior to those of F-APR and APR during the study period.

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  • Xin Wang, Qing Liu
    Article ID: b21-00329
    Published: 2021
    Advance online publication: August 20, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS ADVANCE PUBLICATION

    Neuropathic pain is one of the most intractable diseases. The lack of effective therapy measures remains a critical problem due to the poor understanding of the cause of neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in trigeminal neuropathic pain and the underlying molecular mechanism in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. We used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of mice to investigate whether Dex prevents neuropathic pain and the inflammation response. The α 2-adrenoceptors (α2AR) inhibitor BRL44408 and adenovirus for knocking down High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was administrated to confirm whether Dex exert its effect through targeting α2AR and HMGB1. The results indicated that Dex significantly inhibited CCI induced neuropathic pain through targeting α2AR and HMGB1. Dex inhibited the inflammatory response through decreasing the release and the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-ɑ while increasing that of IL-10. Moreover, Dex participates in the regulation of HMGB1, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NFκb (p-65) expression and the phosphorylation of IκB-ɑ. In conclusion, Dex could relieve neuropathic pain through α2AR and HMGB1 and attenuate inflammation response.

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