Background:Atherosclerosis is a chronic fibroproliferative disease that includes accumulation of cholesterol-rich lipids in the arterial wall. Though numerous studies have investigated atherosclerosis, not enough is known about the exact mechanisms of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transport into the blood vessel wall. Therefore, we explored the ¹²⁵I-LDL transport into the arterial wall under constant perfusion flow and pressure as well as the influence of duration of atherogenic diet on ¹²⁵I-LDL transport and biomechanical properties of carotid artery.Methods and Results:The isolated segment of rabbit carotid artery was used under constant perfusion flow and pressure-induced (0 mmHg and 140 mmHg) blood vessel distension, with the possibility to change and precisely calculate shear stress during the experiment. Obtained results indicate the influence of atherogenic diet duration and consequent variation of shear stress on ¹²⁵I-LDL transport into the blood vessel wall. ¹²⁵I-LDL transport into the blood vessel wall at low pressure-induced blood vessel distension decreases by the increase of the shear stress and in relation to the atherogenic diet duration. At high pressure-induced blood vessel distension, ¹²⁵I-LDL transport increases in relation to the atherogenic diet duration and the increase of shear stress.Conclusions:The influence of shear stress is a more dominant parameter on LDL uptake at low pressure-induced blood vessel distension; however, the atherogenic diet duration has more of a dominant influence on LDL uptake at high pressure-induced vessel distension. (Circ J 2015; 79: 1846–1852)