Hepatolithiasis is highly prevalent in Asia but rare in Western countries. However, the incidence of hepatolithiasis may be increasing in Western countries due to the increased rate of immigration from areas where hepatolithiasis is prevalent. There are many non-surgical treatments for hepatolithiasis, but surgical management remains the best curative treatment for some cases of hepatolithiasis. Surgical treatments can remove biliary stones and relieve stricture of the bile ducts. This review describes the indications for and the outcomes of surgical treatment of hepatolithiasis, including liver resection and liver transplantation.