Cross-hole hydraulic tests in several b oreholes are an efficient technique for estimating hydrogeological characteristics of discrete features distributed between the boreholes. In order to estimate the hydrogeological characteristics of the subsurface, calibration of hydrogeological models was carried out using hydraulic response data from cross-hole hydraulic tests, in the Cretaceous Toki granite in the Tono area.
In the cross-hole hy d raulic tests, similar hydraulic responses in two monitoring boreholes located at different distances from the pumping borehole, were measured. The results show that the hydrogeological conditions in the study area are highly heterogeneous. The hydrogeological model was calibrated with a focus on the geometry of presumed faults, as well as hydraulic parameters of hydrogeological features.
As a result of the study, the trend of hydraulic responses from cross-hole hydraulic tests could be simulated by including faults with low permeability in the hydrogeological model, which define hydrogeological compartments, and major water-conducting features. This study indicates the possibility of predicting the existence of unknown hydrogeological structures by combining crosshole hydraulic tests with calibration of the hydrogeological models.

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The present study investigates how the sawdust material affects the biological treatment and biological clogging in porous media.
Serial data from soil-sawd u st column experiments were used to develop a model to describe the biological treatment and biological clogging processes in porous media. A model was developed simulating solute transport with biological treatment in soil-sawdust experimental columns including biological clogging processes. The transport part of the model solves the advection dispersion differential equations and the reaction part describes the heterotrophic metabolisms of several groups of bacteria. To simulate the biological clogging effects, the changes in porosity are calculated by converting biomass into volume, which directly reduces the porosity.
Developed model could be evaluated experiment results. And it is confirmed that sawdust materials could be expected as the materials which could be encouraged biological treatment and improved the hydraulic conductivity.

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