The Government of Indonesia (GOI) implemented a social security program, however, not all the population are covered as the Constitute of the Republic of Indonesia guarantee at its article 28th and obligate the GOI provide social security to all population.
  In 2004, the GOI introduced a new social security system targeting all population in order to achieve an improved coverage and integrated it into a unified system. The GOI has introduced a National Health Insurance System ahead of other social security systems on the 1st January 2014.
  It is also obligated foreigners who have lived in Indonesia for more than 6 months to participate. However, dissemination of the new system to the public was not enough at the timing of the introduction. Especially for foreigners as there is not enough information in any foreign language.
  The new system follows some parts of the previous program which was introduced for lower income population in 2005, the focuses are prioritizing on primary care and introducing a payment system for health care services. For accessing the health care services under the insurance system, all insurance holders have to attend the primary care institution at the beginning. Improving the quality and quantity of primary care service institutions requires important key factors to enhance the system and to increase the coverage.
  This article reviews the previous social security system and studies the laws and regulations relating to it, especially the new national health insurance system which was introduced in January 2014. It also discusses the challenges in enhancing the health insurance system and achieving Universal Health Coverage.