The Tomato Wilt Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici shares Common Ancestors with Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolated from Wild Tomatoes in the Peruvian Andes

Keigo Inami; Takeshi Kashiwa; Masato Kawabe; Akiko Onokubo-Okabe; Nobuko Ishikawa; Enrique Rodríguez Pérez; Takuo Hozumi; Liliana Aragón Caballero; Fatima Cáceres de Baldarrago; Mauricio Jiménez Roco; Khalid A. Madadi; Tobin L. Peever; Tohru Teraoka; Motoichiro Kodama; Tsutomu Arie

doi:10.1264/jsme2.ME13184

Regular Papers

The Tomato Wilt Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici shares Common Ancestors with Nonpathogenic F. oxysporum isolated from Wild Tomatoes in the Peruvian Andes

Keigo Inami, Takeshi Kashiwa, Masato Kawabe, Akiko Onokubo-Okabe, Nobuko Ishikawa, Enrique Rodríguez Pérez, Takuo Hozumi, Liliana Aragón Caballero, Fatima Cáceres de Baldarrago, Mauricio Jiménez Roco, Khalid A. Madadi, Tobin L. Peever, Tohru Teraoka, Motoichiro Kodama, Tsutomu Arie

Author information

Keigo Inami
Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Takeshi Kashiwa
Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Masato Kawabe
National Agricultural Research Center (NARC)
Akiko Onokubo-Okabe
Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Nobuko Ishikawa
Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Enrique Rodríguez Pérez
Department of Plant Breeding, Chapingo Autonomous University
Takuo Hozumi
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Environment and Rural Service, Chapingo Autonomous University
Liliana Aragón Caballero
Department of Phytopathology, National Agrarian University—La Molina
Fatima Cáceres de Baldarrago
Department of Biology, National University of San Augustín
Mauricio Jiménez Roco
Tarapacá University
Khalid A. Madadi
Kabul University
Tobin L. Peever
Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University
Tohru Teraoka
Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
Motoichiro Kodama
Department of Agriculture, Tottori University
Tsutomu Arie
Graduate school of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Keywords: nonpathogenic F. oxysporum, phylogenetic analysis, Solanum, tomato, tomato wilt fungus

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Supplementary material

2014 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 200-210

DOI https://doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.ME13184

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Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is an ascomycetous fungus that is well-known as a soilborne plant pathogen. In addition, a large population of nonpathogenic F. oxysporum (NPF) inhabits various environmental niches, including the phytosphere. To obtain an insight into the origin of plant pathogenic F. oxysporum, we focused on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its pathogenic F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). We collected F. oxysporum from wild and transition Solanum spp. and modern cultivars of tomato in Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Mexico, Afghanistan, Italy, and Japan, evaluated the fungal isolates for pathogenicity, VCG, mating type, and distribution of SIX genes related to the pathogenicity of FOL, and constructed phylogenies based on ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer sequences. All F. oxysporum isolates sampled were genetically more diverse than FOL. They were not pathogenic to the tomato and did not carry SIX genes. Certain NPF isolates including those from wild Solanum spp. in Peru were grouped in FOL clades, whereas most of the NPF isolates were not. Our results suggested that the population of NPF isolates in FOL clades gave rise to FOL by gaining pathogenicity.

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