Annual Report of The Kansai Plant Protection Society
Online ISSN : 1883-6291
Print ISSN : 0387-1002
ISSN-L : 0387-1002
Current issue
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
Original Articles
  • Shigemitsu Kimura
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 1-5
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Yellow leaf curl disease of tomato caused by tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV: a begomovirus) results in severe damage. In general, the virus is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and difficult to inoculate mechanically to plants. As mechanical inoculation has numerous practical uses, e.g., screening for resistant tomato varieties, we developed a method using a toothbrush to inoculate susceptible tomato plants with TYLCV. In this study, we investigated the physical properties and host range of TYLCV-Kumiyama isolated in Kyoto Prefecture, and the following results were obtained: thermal inactivation point of 75°C–78°C for 10 min, dilution end point of 10–6, and longevity in vitro of 6 days at 25°C. Nine species belonging to four families were infected with the virus. The symptoms consisted primarily of yellowing or vein yellowing.

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  • Aoi Kojima, Nakao Kubo, Gento Tsuji
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 6-15
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Clubroot disease caused by a soilborne protist pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae (Woronin), is one of the most economically important diseases affecting plants of the Brassicaceae family. We investigated the effects of repeated cultivations using clubroot-resistant (CR) and clubroot-susceptible cultivars of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) on clubroot severity and the population density of P. brassicae in soil under field conditions. Compared with the susceptible cultivar ‘Okina’, repeated cultivations of the resistant cultivar ‘BCR Ryugetsu’ significantly reduced the population density of P. brassicae. However, the same cycles of fallow treatment (no cultivation in the field) demonstrated no significant differences in the reduction compared with that in the resistant treatment (cultivation of ‘BCR Ryugetsu’). Four successive cycles of the resistant treatment in 2020–2021 could reduce clubroot severity in the final cycle (2022) when ‘Okina’ was planted compared with that in the continuous fallow treatments. ‘BCR Ryugetsu’ mostly suppressed the formation of large galls, which affect plant growth. Although a single individual of ‘BCR Ryugetsu’ formed a large clubroot gall in the final cycle of cultivation, a P. brassicae population isolated from the gall (Shimo-22DM) did not exhibit the typical pathogenicity on the same resistant cultivar, suggesting an avirulent population. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that repeated cultivations of the CR cabbage cultivar reduced the population density of P. brassicae to the level safe for the cultivation and harvest of the susceptible cultivar, although it could also be the contribution of natural reduction.

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  • Ryoji Suzuki, Sawana Takeyama, Kenji Kubota
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 16-21
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We developed a method for detecting pear chlorotic leaf spot-associated virus (PCLSaV) from pear (Pyrus spp.) leaves using a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method. Of the primers we designed, the primer set R2LP4 demonstrated the fastest amplification, enabling the detection of PCLSaV within 15 min using total RNA extracted from symptomatic leaves. In the diagnosis of leaves of the Japanese and European pear cultivars collected from 12 prefectures, the RT-LAMP assay demonstrated similar or superior sensitivity and accuracy to that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, PCLSaV could be detected by this simple RT-LAMP assay using sap collected with a syringe needle. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence also indicated that some of the designed primers would be compatible with Chinese isolates, which indicates that the RT-LAMP method developed here is valuable in Japan and other countries.

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  • Daisuque Kitano, Atsushi Kondo, Nobuyoshi Kokubo, Rinshiro Masuda
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 22-27
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, is a pest that feeds on young rice seedlings. Recently, new box traps and effective baits have been developed for controlling this species. We used a combination of these box traps and baits to examine the capture rate of P. canaliculata that had a shell size of >2.1 cm, which cause damage to rice seedlings. The capture rate of the box traps with baits was estimated to be 31.8% in the enclosures established in paddy fields. Moreover, approximately 10% of young rice seedlings were found damaged in enclosures with five P. canaliculata individuals per square meter. The highest damage was 50% observed in enclosures with a high density of P. canaliculata (more than 10 individuals per square meter). In the irrigation canals, the box traps captured more P. canaliculata individuals in September than in June, and up to 50% of the released individuals were captured in September. As the water temperature was almost similar in June and September, this difference in capture rates may not be attributed to water temperature.

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  • Rinshiro Masuda, Daisuque Kitano
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 28-34
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, a type of large freshwater snail, is a serious pest that feeds on young rice seedlings. Recently, a trap with a mixed bait (a mixture containing rice bran, carp pellets, and rice malt in a 1:1:1 ratio) has been used to control this species. However, the bait attracts not only P. canaliculata but also other aquatic organisms. Therefore, there are concerns regarding the negative effects on the survival of other aquatic organisms. To clarify the effects of a mixed bait on the attraction and survival of various aquatic organisms, we used traps with mixed baits for P. canaliculata to examine the aquatic organisms trapped in the paddy fields and canals of Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Moreover, based on the species collected by the traps, we selected seven species and conducted trials to compare their survival rates with and without baits in the paddy fields. Six fish species, three snail species, nine coleopteran species, and three tadpole species were collected using the trap. In the outdoor testing, there was no significant difference in the survival rates obtained with and without the bait in Oryzias latipes (Temminck & Schlegel), Sinotaia quadrata histrica (Gould), some coleopteran species, or tadpoles during the study period. These results indicate that although the bait attracts various aquatic organisms, it exerts a minor negative effect on the survival rates of the tested species.

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  • Kenta Tsunekawa, Naoki Ishii, Yuko Mizukami
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 35-41
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    To investigate QoI fungicide resistance in wheat powdery mildew in Aichi Prefecture, this pathogen was collected from six local wheat production areas in 2021 and examined for its sensitivity to a QoI (azoxystrobin) using bioassays and mutations in cytb. Results demonstrated that there were strains resistant to azoxystrobin harboring the G143A mutation in cytb. Furthermore, quantitative allele-specific PCR (ASqPCR) was performed to identify resistant- and sensitive-type alleles in cytb, and both alleles were successfully quantified. In 2022, strains were collected from 24 sites, and their resistance and sensitivity were determined by ASqPCR. Strains with resistant-type alleles were widely distributed in the prefecture. The ratio of resistant- and sensitivity-type alleles was further characterized. This is the first scientific report in Japan to quantify the distribution of QoI fungicide resistance in wheat powdery mildew within a specific region.

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  • Kenta Tomimura, Masatoshi Mochizuki
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 42-47
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    In May 2019, young leaves of pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) plants showing malformation and wrinkling were found in a greenhouse in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. These abnormal pomelo leaves were infested with Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood. Strain differentiation of this species was conducted based on multiplex PCR using the ribosomal ITS2 region to clarify which strain was related to the damage. All six female individuals of the pomelo-infesting population were identified as strain YT. Through haplotype network analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences, the six YT individuals were assigned to four haplotypes (SdYT01, SdYT02, SdYT09, and SdYT38). Furthermore, the East Asian populations of strain YT collected in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, and China comprised a total of 51 haplotypes. The haplotypes of individuals collected from citrus plants were not composed of specific haplotypes.

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  • Terumi Nishioka, Shun Mizote, Shunpei Fujie, Yuka Tokunaga, Shinichi K ...
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 48-52
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    This study explored the effect of spraying slightly acidic electrolyzed water through a fine mist cooling system to control strawberry gray mold and its influence on temperature and humidity in the greenhouse. Results showed that nighttime electrolyzed water applications failed to suppress gray mold and led to a high humidity condition, which could have promoted disease development under the conditions of more optimal temperature and high infection sources. In contrast, daytime applications of electrolyzed water increased the humidity temporarily and suppressed the development of strawberry gray mold. This effect was particularly high on plants that were well dampened with the electrolyzed water, suggesting that electrolyzed water application using a fine mist cooling system is effective in controlling strawberry gray mold.

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  • Hiroshi Inoue, Tsuyoshi Takemoto, Isamu Sako, Akira Nishimura, Yusuke ...
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 53-61
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    This study investigated the efficacy of drench application of several fungicides to plug seedlings to control white rot, a difficult to control disease, of the spring crop Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berkeley in fields without soil disinfection. Four fungicides, penthiopyrad, pyraziflumid, inpyrfluxam, and mandestrobin, were tested. Of the Welsh onions grown year-round by ridging, the spring crop Welsh onion has a period of more than 2 months from fixed planting to the onset of infection. However, once infected, it is the most susceptible of all cropping types to white rot because the optimum period for disease development is approximately 6 months until harvest. Among the four fungicides, pyraziflumid solution dissolved up to 100 times in water demonstrated excellent control of white rot on the Welsh onion by drench application to plug seedlings. After drench application to plug seedlings, sufficient amounts of pyraziflumid were maintained at the optimum infection stage in the leaf sheaths and near the sheath joints of the Welsh onion to suppress infection by S. cepivorum.

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Short Communications
  • Minoru Ichihara, Mikihiko Suzuki
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 62-65
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Considering the growing global demand for matcha, the Shizuoka prefectural government is promoting the export of matcha prepared from cover-cultured tea. To improve matcha production, it is important to investigate the characteristics of pest incidence under covering culture and develop suitable pest management strategies. In this study, we investigated the effects of direct tea plant covering and copper fungicide application to curb the incidence of tea anthracnose (Discula theae-sinensis (I. Miyake) Moriwaki & Toy. Sato), the most serious tea disease that occurs primarily during or after the second tea season. Our results indicated that the incidence of tea anthracnose decreased when cover culture treatment was used compared to that with no-cover treatment during the second tea season. In addition, the tea plants grown under cover and pre-treated with a copper fungicide showed less anthracnose symptoms during the sprouting period than those not treated with the fungicide. These findings suggest that tea anthracnose can be effectively controlled using covering culture after the application of copper fungicide.

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  • Hibiki Kimura, Yuina Nakai, Takashi Inuma
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 66-68
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    This study investigated the sensitivity of 92 isolates of Passalora fulva from tomato plants in Wakayama Prefecture to thiophanate-methyl, penthiopyrad, boscalid, azoxystrobin, and triflumizole using agar dilution methods. All isolates exhibited reduced sensitivity to more than two fungicides. Bioassays using tomato seedlings showed that mancozeb WP (wettable powder), TPN WP, and iminoctadin-albesilate WP were effective against two strains resistant to multiple fungicides.

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  • Tsubasa Murata, Taku Kawakami, Kaori Nakajima
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 69-71
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    In recent years, Mie Prefecture has been working to establish a domestic production area for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and the cultivation area has been increasing. Meanwhile, there is a wide incidence of sesame bacterial leaf spot (caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami Young, Dye & Wilkie, Acidovorax valerianellae Gardan, Stead, Dauga & Gillis, and Xanthomonas sp.), contributing to yield loss. No pesticides against the disease are currently registered in Japan, and no control measures have been established. We evaluated three copper fungicides (basic copper sulfate, sodium bicarbonate/anhydrous copper sulfate, and basic copper chloride/sulfur) in pot and field tests. Our results demonstrated that all fungicides could suppress the disease when applied before its onset or in its early stage.

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  • Akiyoshi Miyazaki
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 72-75
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We investigated the effects of alternating applications of Bacillus spp. and Beauveria bassiana as microbial pesticides with 15 chemical pesticides on the amount of microbes on the leaves of tomato plants. Results suggested that the alternating applications with chemical pesticides at intervals of approximately 7 days for the Bacillus formulation and approximately 3 days for the Beauveria formulation exerted no effect on the survival of the microbes derived from each formulation on the leaf surface. The alternating applications of Beauveria and captan agents should be considered, as some of them may affect the survival of the fungus.

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  • Susumu Tokumaru, Yusuke Nakajima, Kenji Fujimoto
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 76-78
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The red-banded thrips Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) was originally distributed throughout northern South America. This thrips attacks tropical fruits such as mango, cocoa, and guava in North America, Asia, and Central and South Africa. In Japan, it has been observed on mango and guava in Okinawa Prefecture, Amami-Oshima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture, the Ogasawara Islands in Tokyo Metropolis, and Kochi Prefecture; on Actinidia rufa in Miyazaki Prefecture; and on maple trees in Kyoto Prefecture. In late September 2022, damage caused by S. rubrocinctus was observed in sweet gum in Kyoto Prefecture, with gray or dark brown leaves. This is the first record of S. rubrocinctus occurring on sweet gum in Japan. The degree of damage to the leaves and the occurrence of adults and larvae of the thrips were investigated in sweet gum lining streets and road facilities in Kyoto Prefecture. Damage caused by the thrips to sweet gum was observed in areas south of Kameoka, and adults and larvae were detected in areas south of Nantan, Kyoto Prefecture.

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  • Kentaro Matsuda, Hajime Haga, Yusuke Katai, Susumu Hisamatsu, Fujio Ba ...
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 79-81
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Liothrips wasabiae (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) is an important insect pest of water wasabi (Eutrema japonicum). The area infested by L. wasabiae becomes black-spotted. Water wasabi requires a long cultivation period of approximately 1.5–2 years. However, chemical insecticides to control L. wasabiae can only be applied a maximum of three times according to the pesticide regulation. Therefore, two insecticides, dinotefuran and nitenpyram, that have been demonstrated to be highly effective, were investigated for their residual effect against L. wasabiae. Results showed that when adult L. wasabiae were released 28 days after insecticide treatment, dinotefuran caused a mortality of 56% compared to 10% with nitenpyram.

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  • Yuki Torikai, Hiroya Higuchi
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 82-85
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We investigated the seasonal occurrence of the rice stink bug, Niphe elongata (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in paddy fields and the ovarian development of females collected from fields in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Early in August, when the rice ears of medium-maturing varieties emerged, adult bugs migrated to the paddy field, and the females laid eggs. The eggs hatched, and nymphs grew into adults. When late-maturing rice varieties started heading in late August, the adults entered the paddy field, and the females laid eggs. The eggs hatched, and the nymphs became adults. Therefore, in Shiga Prefecture, the life cycle of the rice stink bug produces two generations in 1 year. In September, no females had mature eggs in their ovaries, and adult bugs were believed to overwinter.

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  • Hiroya Higuchi, Yoto Komeda
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 86-88
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is a pest insect that feeds on rice ears, resulting in pecky rice. We collected the eggs of rice bugs in grassland overgrown with gramineous plants on July 17 and 24, 2018, in the southern part of Shiga Prefecture, and then investigated the species of egg parasitoids. Four species of egg parasitoids, Hadronotus japonicus and H. nigricornis (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Ooencyrtus nezarae and O. acastus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), emerged from the eggs of rice bugs. Two species of wasps considered to be dominant, namely, H. japonicus and O. nezarae, exhibited high percentages of parasitism. Our study also recorded O. acastus parasitizing L. chinensis eggs for the first time in the literature.

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  • Sou Anan, Tomoya Tatsumi, Hiroya Higuchi
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 89-91
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We collected the adults of the rice bug, Leptocorisa chinensis (Hemiptera: Alydidae) from fields, from June to September in 2021 and 2022. We identified the species of tachinid flies parasitizing the adult rice bugs and investigated the seasonal changes in the parasitism rate. We also examined the parasitism of rice bug nymphs by tachinid flies. Adult bugs were confirmed to be parasitized by the tachinid fly, Clairvilliops breviforceps (Diptera: Tachinidae). The parasitism rate remained low throughout the survey period, reaching a maximum of approximately 23%. We could not clarify the parasitism of rice bug nymphs by the tachinid fly.

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  • Takashi Okamoto, Kayou Eto, Chiharu Nishibata
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 92-95
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The frequency of pyrethroid- and neonicotinoid-resistant genes was investigated in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover collected from watermelon fields in Inami Town, Wakayama Prefecture, in 2015, 2018 and 2022. The Aphis clone possessing the genes resistant to both insecticides occurred at a frequency of 19.5% in 2022. Low mortality rates for neonicotinoids and pyrethroids were observed in this clone.

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  • Manabu Shibao, Kenji Hamasaki, Kanako Shirotsuka
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 96-98
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    This study investigated the effects of insecticides on the first instar larval and adult stages of the melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) using two bioassay methods, leaf spraying and leaf dipping. The corrected mortality rates of the larval and adult stages for three insecticides (emamectin benzoate, abamectin, and pyridalyl) were 90%–100% in both methods. The corrected mortality rates of the larvae for most insecticides tended to be higher than those of the adults, except for two insecticides (emamectin benzoate and flonicamid).

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  • Shirotsuka Kanako, Shuji Kaneko
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 99-101
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We used the leaf-dipping method to determine the toxicity of 10 insecticides on the adult melon thrips, Thrips palmi, collected from Kanan Town and Tondabayashi City in Osaka Prefecture. Flometoquin and fluxametamide were effective against T. palmi. The toxicity of nitenpyram and emamectin benzoate depended on the collected population. Acetamiprid, spinetoram, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole, and pyridalyl showed low corrected mortality in all populations.

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  • Sota Fujimori, Hajime Kobayashi, Tsuyoshi Imamura, Ayaka Fuchikami
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 102-103
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    We identified spinosad-resistant populations of Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) in strawberry greenhouses in Nara city and Kashiba city. The mortality rate of the Kashiba population for spinosad commercial concentration was 6.5%, but that of the Nara population was 86.2%. This suggested that F. intonsa collected from strawberry in Nara Prefecture developed resistance to spinosad.

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  • Yumi Katayama, Seiji Higaki, Susumu Tokumaru
    2023 Volume 65 Pages 104-106
    Published: June 01, 2023
    Released on J-STAGE: May 27, 2023
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    The effects of the red-colored insect nets against Thrips tabaci Lindeman and T. nigropilosus Uzel were investigated in commercial carrot greenhouses, in Kyoto Prefecture. The degree of leaf damage caused by the thrips and their population density in the greenhouse with the red-colored insect net were lower than those with the white-colored insect net in October and November. T. tabaci and T. nigropilosus were primarily found in carrot greenhouses. T. tabaci was predominant among both group; however, the species composition of T. nigropilosus in the red-colored insect net group was higher than that of the control group. The red-colored insect nets were effective against T. tabaci, but the effectiveness against T. nigropilosus was undetermined.

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