Human Science in the railway field is a scientific discipline aimed at solving problems and proposing the countermeasures which will improve the safety, ease of use and comfort of railways. This is achieved through insights acquired by measuring, evaluating and analyzing the psychological, physical, physiological and behavioral characteristics of people, such as passengers using railways and workers operating them. This paper outlines recent topics examined in the area of human science research in education and training, and improvements to the on-board and station environment, before finally outlining possible future prospects.