MAEBASHI, M., IMAMURA, A., YOSHINAGA, K., SATO, T., FUNYU, T., ISHIDOYA, Y. and HIRAYAMA, N. Carnitine Depletion as a Probable Cause of Hyperlipidemia in Uremic Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1983, 139 (1), 33-42 - The mechanism of the development of hemodialysis hyperlipidemia was investigated in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Hemodialysis treatment lost large amounts of carnitine from blood into the dialysate fluid, resulting in the reduction in serum concentration of carnitine. After the treatments were repeated for more than 12 months, the serum concentration of carnitine reduced markedly and the serum triglyceride level increased significantly. In contrast, in patients who had been supplemented with commercial amino acids solution, the serum concentrations of carnitine and lipid were within normal ranges and remained unchanged even after repeated hemodialysis treatments. Carnitine administration also reduced the serum triglyceride level to or towards normal. The results suggest that carnitine depletion induced by hemodialysis treatments has a probable causal relationship to hyperlipidemia in uremic patients on long-term maintenance hemodialysis and that supplementation of carnitine or amino acids prevents carnitine depletion and improves hemodialysis hyperlipidemia.