アフリカ人都市の社会的特性

UJIJIにおける階層化と生業分化

抄録

This paper is based on partial materials which were collected by myself during my anthropological research from 1964 to 1966 at Ujiji; an African town in the western region of Tanzania.
It aims to analyse the social stratification and the occupational differentiation of this town Ujiji.
I. Presently we can observe clearly the existence of the following six stratified groups.
(1) Swahili people: Islamic Africans.
(2) WAHA-tribes men: Manual workers from the north-western region of Tanzania.
(3) WAGENI: Wageni means the guests in the Swahili language. Mostly they are sent here as government employees from other regions of Tanzania.
(4) Arabians: At the beginning, they had arrived here in 19th century as traders of tusks and slaves. Now most of them are merchants.
(5) Indians: They had arrived here in the beginning of 20th century as traders or employees of Germans. Now most of them are merchants.
(6) Europeans: Some European officers had stayed here during the era of colony. After independence, a few missionaries live in the suburban area.
II. Swahili people function as a core group at Ujiji. Originally they are from many tribes of Congo (Kinshasa) and Tanzania, but now form a transtribal group as Islamic Africans. Since the beginning of 20th century, they had made WAHA-tribesmen subordinate as a lower caste like that under the influence of the Arabian slavery.
III. Through the social development for one hundred years in Ujiji, we can recognize the fact of occupational differentiation among African inhabitants. In the case of modern city, this differentiation works as a socio-economic factor which causes social stratification. But at Ujiji, other socio-cultural factors dominate over it, namely, religious, racial, tribal and cultural traits from the above-mentioned six groups as social strata of this folktown. This phenomenon is a social characteristic feature of Ujiji, a town, originated from the multitribal regional society.