1994 年 27 巻 6 号 p. 547-560
The present review describes our own experience in the application of immunoperoxidase staining to routine histo- and cytodiagnosis. A) Use of commercially available antibodies: 1) Mycobacterial infection (tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infection and leprosy) was demonstrated by using a BCG antiserum, with much higher sensitivity than Ziehl-Neelsen's acid-fast method. 2) Chlamydial and bacterial epididymitis was distinguished by immunostaining for C. trachomatis and E. coli. The chlamydial antigens were identified in pap-stained cytologic preparations after bleaching the dyes in acid alcohol, while prostatic malacoplakia was clearly positive for the E. coli antigens. B) Use of patients' sera: Diluted patients' sera became convenient probes for indirect immunoperoxidase localization of pathogens in paraffin sections, particularly when cellular tissue reaction was evident histologically. Examples included Staphylococcal pyoderma, cat scratch lymphadenitis, cryptococcosis, sporotrichosis, amebic dysentery, cutaneous leishmaniasis, and liver ascariasis. Endogenous human IgG in sections was scarcely detected by the peroxidase labeled secondary antibody. Similarly, sera of animals experimentally infected with Treponema pallidum and Toxoplasma gondii were applicable to human material. C) Immunostaining and non-isotopic in situ hybridization: Comparison was made in human specimens infected by cytomegalovirus (CMV), human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus. In the latter two oncogenic viruses, the viral antigens were less frequently detectable than the viral genomes in cervical severe dysplasia and Hodgkin's disease. D) Ultrastructural visualization of pathogens in routine material: The antigens of C. trachomatis, E. coil, CMV and HPV were seen directly in paraffin sections by applying pre-embedding immunoelectron microscopy. This approach was useful to confirm the presence of pathogens within the lesions and the specificity of the antibodies. The viral genomes were also identifiable at the ultrastructural level.