アムステルダム,ムゼウムプレインに見る首都における文化中心としての都市空間に関する20世紀後半の議論

抄録

The Museumplein in Amsterdam is indicated one of a potential contact points to load the Amsterdam brand. This place was born by the movement to gain the impressive cityscape as a European Modern Capital in the late ninetieth century. After the discussion on the meaning and the design for more than one century, this place was opened as the Museumplein at the end of the twentieth century. The center of the discussion was sifted from elite and bourgeois to civilized masses after the Second World War. The Constant's New Babylon become popular in the 1960s and his antipathy toward both avant-garde art and functional architecture which he regarded as elitist attempt to rob play and creativity from "the mass" had gained attention. The character as a cultural center in the city was intensified in the 1970s to 1980s. The possibilities of cycling and rambling and the cultural function of the free manifestation were required. The newspapers heated up the discussion. The final landscape design of the Museumplein was evaluated because of the "Emptiness", the "Neutrality" and the preservation of the developed character by the early second half of the 20th century. This place, the Museumplein, gains the centrality and is not any more the back yards of the cultural institutes. No institute can be a zenith there. The new national cultural public space is require to equally accept the various level of the urban elements and activities and return them to the the city again.