The aim of this study is to clarify the compositional characteristics of ‘waterway alley’ in Yashio, Saitama Prefecture. Waterway alley is defined as space composed of waterway and small backstreet nearby. Initially, personal properties set by the residents around the waterway alley are investigated. Secondly, direction of the main room and that of main approach of the buildings facing the waterway alley, are investigated. Finally, clarified are five compositional types of waterway alley in Yashio, which are based on the mechanism in mixture of building and urban environmental elements.