ラスキンとヴィオレ＝ル＝デュク

19世紀アメリカにおける機能主義理論の系譜

抄録

The American reception of the two eminent architectural theoreticians, namely the Englishman John Ruskin and Frenchman Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, was preceded by the formulation of functionalist theory before 1850 by Horatio Greenough, whose idea of architectural design would be widely popularized by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the leading philosopher of transcendentalism, just after Greenough’s untimely death. This introductory phase led to the portrayal of Ruskin as a functionalist; Viollet-le-Duc would eventually take his place during the Francophile tide of the 60’s. Thus, the American architectural world elaborated its own consistent functionalist genealogy, while referring and freely interpreting the words of these men according to contemporary thought, before the translated publication of Discourses on Architecture in 1875.