遊び行動に見る施設入所障がい児の空間利用特性

－医療型障害児入所施設における重度障がい児のポスチュアと施設空間要素に関する考察　その３－

抄録

 Medical institution for disabled children is the only facilities where a child lives though under RYOUIKU( habilitative treatment). In recent years, a target of RYOUIKU has changed from recovery and improvement of the motor function into the whole aim-like developmental support, because obstacles of children with disabilities in the facilities are getting variously. It's learned that play behaviors has the effect on the whole aim developmental, and it's wished for that residential spaces of medical type facilities is the environment that is easy to play for children with disabilities.

 So, successive studies set a goal to clarify spatial factors in medical type facilities for children with disabilities to contribute the development of severely disabled children. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the use characteristics of the residential spaces of Medical type facilities for children with disabilities. To get some knowledge for constructing a playing environment tailored to the child's disability characteristics, this paper focuses on children's play behaviors and playgroup. The survey targets are residential spaces of before rebuilding / after rebuilding of K rehabilitation center, and the survey is a behavior trucking observation at 10minutes intervals.
 We obtained the following findings.

 1) Disabled children living at medical facility are actively playing, except severely retarded children. Analysis of relations between play behavior and disability characteristics shows that Motor-impairing restricts play behaviors with body action, such as playing with toys and body sensory play, and Intellectual-impairing restricts play behaviors with conversation or understanding of contents.
 2) As a result of analyzing the distribution of playing behavior settings in the residential spaces, disabled children living at medical facility are actively using the physical settings like wide spaces or corners with toy shelves. Especially, corners with toy shelves or televisions increase play behavior with some body action. These results indicates that the corners which is formed in both YUKAZA-space (the floor seating space) and ISUZA-space (the chair-seating space) are valid for improvement of difficulty in playing.
 3) Analysis of playgroup showed that children living at medical facility use different spaces according to care-staff's participation in play or playing with children alone. Senior and lightly disabled children tends to choose places where they can stay away from care-staffs such as their bedroom (in the before rebuilding institution) and alcoves of common space (in the after rebuilding institution).
 4) For the children with intellectual disabilities, play spaces with small scale and corner setting are an important physical requirement for play with calm or with mutual negotiation with other children.