無尽方式に起源をもつ「住宅無尽」・「月賦住宅」会社の系譜と供給手法の意義

抄録

 This paper aims to describe the role of housing companies rooted in traditional mutual loan system in Japan's housing supply from Taisho period to postwar period. House ownership rate increased rapidly in this period, these companies developed in synchronization with it. This paper also aims to analyze the process of the diffusion of home ownership from the viewpoint of private companies and consumers.
 These companies were called ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ in prewar period, and called ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ in postwar period. I collected 8 representative companies' company histories and founder's publications. In the result, these companies can be traced back to older age, they were more various in marketing method and locality than previously known, and most of them had strong connection in personnel.
 ‘‘Jutaku Mujin’’ companies developed since 1930s and ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed since 1950s because of the shortage of housing and the increase of motivation of having home ownership. Existed laws had difficulty to regulate them, so some of them were likely to be recognized as social problem. At times the problem of these companies were examined in National Diet both prewar period and post war period.
 These companies could come to market with small capitals, but client tended to have complaint about the condition of breaking leases because of their characteristic of mutual loan system. ‘‘Geppu Jutaku’’ companies developed and had about estimated 7% share of privately provided houses especially in 1960s.
 These companies have not been succeeded nowadays. New prefabrication method and home loan system by private banks seemed to take the place of these companies. But they had significance that they could supply houses which government couldn't covered.