複合連結式天守の国宝松本城における実践的な避難誘導方法に関する研究

抄録

 Matsumoto Castle was built about 500 years ago and it has been designated as a Japanese National Treasure. It is important to keep its original shape because only twelve castles still preserve their original structure in Japan. Matsumoto castle also need to consider the safety for tourists since about 1,000,000 tourists visit there. Even though it is vulnerable to earthquake, new emergency stairs cannot build or modify on a large scale for withstanding earthquake. In the previous study, a proper route for evacuation was clarified but it is not reflected in the actual unbalanced distribution of tourists. Besides, it assumes tourists should be divided into two groups near the stair of the second floor, but that would be difficult in an emergency. Therefore, this paper aims to consider the operational evacuation plan by staffs on site with multi-agent simulation for complicated structure in Matsumoto castle.
 To begin simulation, the data of tourists were surveyed for how many people are male or female and how old they are in Matsumoto castle. At the same time, the research was conducted to know how many people stay at each floor in every 30 minutes. According to the collected data, the simulation was divided into three types on (Lower floor weighting type / Middle floor weighting type / Upper floor weighting type).
 The basic case can be supposed as the case which tourists who go to top of the castle tower evacuate from the entrance and tourists who go to exit after visiting tower top evacuate from the exit. In this case, simulation result showed the congestion near the evacuation exit and stairs.
 To improve the basic case, three cases were estimated. First case was to use the stairs which only staffs use in daily basis. Second one was that some tourists were guided to the entrance because of avoiding the congestion. Third one was to combine first case and second case (use the staffs' stairs and guide some tourist to the entrance). The fact was shown that the third case was the fastest evacuation case in three cases.
 Based on these simulation results, the interview was held to castle's staffs and guards in order to apply their opinion to the evacuation plan. They mainly concerned about the tourist route in off -season. Tourists cannot evacuate from the exit because exit is closed during off-season (December to March). Considered with such a situation, we simulated again for that cases.
 When tourists use off-season route, evacuation time is virtually the same to peak season's route. However, if they can evacuate from the exit even during off-season (they can use the exit during), they can evacuate faster than current situation.
 In conclusion, this paper can find three possibilities to evacuate faster in Matsumoto castle. First one is to use the stairs which only staffs use. Second one is to guide tourists in the top floor to the entrance (not congesting emergency exits). Third one is to use (open) the exit (the emergency exit) even during off-season. This paper proves these factors are effective to make tourists evacuate faster. Furthermore, this paper shows a fundamental flow chart for making an appropriate evacuation plan at the cultural heritage.
 In the cultural heritage like Matsumoto castle, physical modification for disaster is not allowed generally. Therefore, operational measure is essential for cultural properties. This paper describes a process of developing an appropriate evacuation plan. Hopefully, this idea is applied to many historical buildings for disaster managements.