2019 Volume 84 Issue 763 Pages 1893-1902
During the Great East Japan Earthquake, the proportion of public cultural facilities designated as evacuation centers in the affected prefecture was 30% of the total before the disaster. However, in fact, some facility managers made voluntary judgments, and 40% of the facilities became evacuation centers. Even if facilities are not designated as evacuation centers, they may be diverted to being evacuation centers, if needed. However, the perspective of facility managers on evacuation center management is unknown.
In this study, the causal relation between the perspective of the facility manager and acceptance of evacuation center conversion was verified using a questionnaire survey of public cultural facilities nationwide. In addition, a structural model of the facility manager’s perspective on evacuation center management was clarified through structural equation modeling.
As results, the following five points were clarified.
1) A disaster self-measures tendency had a positive, indirect effect via shelter management preparation tendency on acceptance of evacuation center conversion.
2) A disaster self-measure tendency had a positive, indirect effect through social contribution tendency on acceptance of evacuation center conversion.
3) Acceptance of evacuation center conversion had a positive, direct effect on a disaster self-measures tendency.
4)The path connecting a disaster self-measures tendency, shelter management preparation tendency, social contribution tendency and acceptance of evacuation center conversion had a causal relationship that spirals up while continuing to circulate in a unidirectional flow.
5)These causal relationships were particularly well adapted to the conscious structure model of the managers of facilities less than 40 years old and facilities without experience of diverting shelters.
Based on the above findings, it is important for evacuation management to establish a system of operation centered on local communities, yet local communities do not understand special functions in public cultural facilities. Therefore, managers and staff who are familiar with special functions in public cultural facilities should support evacuation centers, since public cultural facilities have special rooms. For local communities to manage such an operation, reinforcement, repair, inspection, and maintenance of buildings are carried out in addition to disaster prevention training. The safety of one’s own facilities should be confirmed by identifying the damage location of the facility in advance. Next, to proceed with preparations for evacuation management, evacuation center management manuals should be prepared by each facility, based on the spatial composition of each facility. Furthermore, by clearly indicating to citizens that the building functions as a shelter at the time of a disaster, the social contribution tendency should be effectively managed by coordinators to increase acceptance of evacuation shelters.
