In recent years, a building-type facility has been planned to meet the installation standards of even harsh location conditions and realize an attractive childcare setting. Because of the need for a daycare center in an urban area with many childcare needs, approaches that are more diverse are being sought. We thought that organizing the planned trends of childcare facilities in recent years would be effective as data to fully understand childcare facilities and for future planning.
The purpose of this paper is to organize the history, academic articles, cases of journals and planning history about nursery schools, kindergartens, and "NINTEI KODOMO-EN" from the post-war period to today, as well as to organize them as materials for design.
The survey is outlined as follows:
1) The subjects of the analysis were 108 papers reviewed for kindergarten / childcare using J-STAGE during the survey period of November 2017, as well as 108 peer-reviewed papers on childcare and garden structures among papers published by the Children's Environmental Society.
2) Of the 546 cases of childcare facilities published in architectural magazines, drawings and basic information of the entire facility are published, and 373 cases are targeted, excluding duplicates.
For these cases, the concept of “playground” was classified into seven forms, and the relationship between the nursery room and playroom / terrace was classified into four forms. Based on these relationships, the space composition is categorized, and an analysis is performed from items such as childcare systems and papers, construction year, and area.
The study results are summarized as follows:
1) Key findings from this article
Even after the establishment of the kindergarten education guidelines in 1956, which were active through 1967, there was a lack of published information, such as number of papers and cases, spatial composition types, and paper keywords. This directly correlates to a major trend related to the changing times. Eventually, childcare began attracting attention. One example of this is the creation of childcare guidelines in 1965 and, again, in 1984. From 1973 to 1987, the number of published cases increased and the spatial composition type diversified. The number of cases increased regarding research on buildings and management in papers, and the viewpoint of research expanded to activities of kindergarteners and childcare workers. In 2009, a rapid increase in waiting-time children was strongly recognized as a social problem, and as nursery school needs increased, new types of daycare facilities were introduced through the development of childcare philosophies and methods, as well as the revision and relaxation of laws. As a result, the spatial composition of the examples is diversifying.
2) Consideration
Thus, it was determined that when organizing buildings taken up at each time, such as papers related to childcare and buildings and enforcing childcare-related laws, a series of paths was found:
・A new system is created as the situation changes and the childcare philosophy develops.
・The range of plans under the new system is expanded and recognized.
・Synergistic effects with new design and childcare philosophies.
・Shape as architecture.
・Research is performed based on the interests and concerns regarding these architectures and the need for verification.
・Childcare and its subsequent environments are developed in a ring structure from which new systems are born.
