東日本大震災後の防集団地居住世帯の居住地選択要因と満足度・復興の実感の傾向

宮城県石巻市雄勝地区を対象として

抄録

Many local governments that were damaged by the tsunami caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake designated disaster hazard areas based on Article 39 of the Building Standards Act in coastal areas and restricted the construction of residential buildings. Residents who lived in the disaster hazard area were forced to move to their place of residence. In this study, we targeted households who lived in the Ogatsu district of Ishinomaki City before the earthquake and moved with the group relocation project. We selected two cases: the households that selected the Futago housing complex outside the Ogatsu and the Ogatsu Central housing complex inside the Ogatsu. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of differences in the relocation destinations and living environments of residents on their satisfaction and the feeling of reconstruction. In particular, we focused on the following three points and proceeded with the analysis; (1)the effect of convenience on satisfaction, (2)the living environment factor that affects satisfaction, (3)the effect of the distance from the sea to the choice of residence. The population of the Ogatsu district has declined the most among all the affected areas. Although there were 1,142 households in the disaster hazard area, only 192 new housing units were built. In particular, households in the former central area, which are not fishing villages, had two primary options for the group relocation project: the housing complex in the former central area or outside the Ogatsu district. Futago is the largest housing complex in the peninsula area. It is located in the city planning area, has high mobility, and is close to shops, schools, and hospitals. Ogatsu Central is located outside the city planning area, and there are no public transportation or shops. We revealed the following points;

(1) living environment affects satisfaction The factor for choosing the area of residence for households living in the Futago was that it was far from the sea and convenient to move. However, the evaluation after living was influenced by the living environment rather than convenience. Ogatsu central is inconvenient. However, since the satisfaction level was almost the same as that of the Futago, convenience does not necessarily affect the satisfaction of living.

(2) Distance from the sea affects the choice of place of residence The factors for choosing a place of residence for households living in the Ogatsu Chuo were an attachment to the place and proximity to the sea, and the "landscape" significantly affected the feeling of reconstruction and satisfaction. It is presumed that the choice of place of residence had a preference for the sea. "Distance from the sea" had the most significant influence on the selection factors of the residences living in both housing complexes, and the feeling of reconstruction and satisfaction after residence were similar. Also, there was an extreme difference in the convenience of the two housing estates, but this did not necessarily affect the choice of place of residence and satisfaction. As a result, residents who chose a location close to the sea were not much different from the highly convenient housing complex, even though it was less convenient. Residences living on a hill with a view of the sea were satisfied with the landscape, and residences inland were satisfied with the living environment.