1959～1972年における丹下健三と磯崎新のサイバー計画にみる人工知能建築の特徴

抄録

　This study attempts to figure-out the characteristics of suggestive artificially intelligent architecture by case-studying the cybernetic projects and relevant theoretical discourse presented by Japanese architects Kenzo Tange and Arata Isozaki during the decade of the 1960s.

　First, the reason behind selecting Tange for this study is the fact that being inspired by the technological optimism of the 1960s, he presented an elaborate theoretical discourse on information and communications society and also attempted to portray this element as a significant design characteristic in the form of a central civic axis for the processing of information and communications in his projects A Plan for Tokyo (1960-61), Tsukiji Project in Tokyo (1963), Yamanashi Communications Center (1964-67), Plan for Skopje (1965) and Japan World Exposition Osaka (1967-70). This information and communications discourse led him to explore the characteristics of cybernetic environments such as tactual, auditory and visual approaches by following Norbert Wiener’s line of thought. Afterwards, he approached suggestive artificially intelligent architecture and attempted to define it through human, emotional, sensual, and technologically intelligent elements and social-communicational structure of the space.

　Secondly, the reason behind the selection of Isozaki is the fact that he – following in the footsteps of Tange but adopting an approach featuring arts, technology and architecture – experimented with cybernetic environments while following Norbert Wiener as his ideal in the projects of Electric Labyrinth: 14^th Triennale Di Milano, Milan, Italy (1968), Arai House (1968-69), Computer Aided City, Makuhari, Chiba (1970-72) and Osaka Expo ’70 (1967-70). Computer Aided City is of particular significance as he introduced the concept of a brain of the city through this project that eliminated all the discrimination among the functions of a city hall, hospital, school, art museum, etc. and controlled the city via artificially intelligent information processing system – a concept being implemented these days through artificial intelligence. He also presented the characteristics of suggestive artificially intelligent environment as enclosed in a protective membrane, possessing interchangeable spaces, movable equipment, enjoying a man-machine symbiosis and handling a self-instructing feedback loop.

　Finally, both architects realized their dreams of suggestive artificially intelligent environment in the Festival Plaza of the Osaka Expo ’70. Especially Isozaki being inspired by NASA’s space missions and science-fiction based movies of the 1960s, attempted to control the entire environment via artificially intelligent brain of the Expo ’70 – that is the main control room.