CONSIDERATIONS ON TRANSFORMATION (1984-2018) OF KAMPUNG AND RUMAH KAMPUNG IN SURABAYA

Abstract

　This paper clarifies the changes in kampung and its housing during this period based on the field surveys of three kampungs in Surabaya in 1983/84, 2006, and 2016-2018. The major objective is to obtain new policy of KIP (Kampung Improvement Program) and public housing.

　The field survey was firstly conducted in 1983/84, and the second was done in December 2006, as for kampung Ujung and kampung Sawahan using the same format, and the transformation for 20 years was analyzed in the previous paper. In this paper, we clarify the transformation of three kampungs adding Donorejo from 1983/84 to 2018, kampung Ujung is the highest density kampung located in the northern part of Surabaya, kampung Sawahan is a typical kampung in the city center, and kampung Donorejo is a downtown kampung in the middle. A long-term perspective-based field survey of these identical kampongs is considered to be extremely important.

　The total population of Surabaya has been increasing consistently since 1980. However, the population in the central part of the city has been decreasing from the 1980s to the 2000s, and the population in the peripheral part of the city has increased. The population of 31 kecamatan ranges from about 45,000 to about 234,000, with an average of 88,270. Looking at each kecamatan, there are many kecamatan that are already decreasing. It varies depending on the vitality and location of kecamatan, and in Central Surabaya, all kecamatan began to decline from the 1980s.

　Looking at the changes in the three kampungs over the past 35 years, the population density is still high in the northern kampungs such as Ujung, and there are a certain number of poor households. On the other hand, although the number of high-rise buildings in Sawahan in the city center is still increasing, the number of single-person households is increasing due to the aging of the population, the increase in vacant houses, and the rental of housing. In downtown Donorejo, although there is no significant change in the spatial composition, the number of households is decreasing, and the younger generation is increasing.

　There have been no major changes in housing types during this period. That is, no new typology has occurred. However, there are some cases where some of the houses are rented. Looking at the transformation patterns of housing types, there is no change in most of the housing, but due to the decrease in the number of households and the increase in single-person households, there are some rentals and reductions in the scale of housing. All the kampungs are densely packed and it is difficult to secure a site, so there are few houses that will expand significantly.

　There are no major changes in housing types and their transformation patterns from the 1983/84 analysis presented by Funo (1987). In kampungs, it can be pointed out that a certain housing renewal pattern has been established.

　Urban villages in developing regions such as kampungs have often disappeared to date due to policies such as redevelopment aimed at "slum clearance." Under such circumstances, Surabaya's kampung has existed unchanged for about 35 years from 1983 to the present. Despite being influenced by the changing lifestyles of the times and the rapid wave of urbanization, kampung continues to maintain its unique form and community organization.