Environmental Pollution in Pig Farming in Vietnam: Challenges and Proposed Solutions

Abstract

Environmental pollution from pig farming in Vietnam remains a pressing issue due to poor waste management practices. Many pig farms lack efficient systems for handling manure and wastewater, resulting in soil and water contamination and the release of harmful gases, such as methane and ammonia. This pollution is a serious threat to natural ecosystems, particularly in rural areas where regulations are insufficient and their enforcement is limited. The challenges in managing pollution include insufficient infrastructure, a lack of technical expertise, and economic constraints, especially for small-scale farmers. Many farmers struggle to adopt advanced or sustainable technologies due to high upfront costs and limited access to resources. Internationally, several countries have successfully implemented integrated waste management systems, such as biogas digesters and constructed wetlands, which help reduce pollution while enabling energy and nutrient recovery. Strong regulatory frameworks and financial incentives in these countries further promote sustainable practices. Drawing from the current state of environmental pollution in pig farming, the causes of pollution, and international best practices, targeted solutions have been proposed for Vietnam’s pig farming sector.