インド生糸市場の国際化

市場統合度の分析を中心に

抄録

During the last decade, aspects of globalization such as economic liberalization, deregulation of industry and the introduction of market economies have come to affect the least-de velopedcountries and have enabled them to change their industrial structures. According to Sachs and Hoffman (1995), economic reforms and the liberalization of trade have a positive effect on the economic growth of the least-developed countries. This can be seen in the case of the industrialization of the new industrial economies (NIEs). Such measures affect not only manufacturing industry, but also labor-intensive industries.
This paper is mainly concerned with globalization and the market for labor-intensive and small-scale products in the least-developed countries; the market for raw silk in India serves as an example. Sericulture and the raw silk industry are among to the most typical traditional industries encountered in southern India; and such industries have experienced stagnation in recent years. This might have been caused by liberalization and internationalization of the Indian market for raw silk.
After gaining independence, India for a long time implemented import-substitutive and protective trade policies. As a result, it was faced with a balance-sheet crisis in 1980 characterized by large current-account and budget deficits. In order to overcome these problems, in 1991 thenPrime Minister Narasimha Rao began drastic economic reforms that included (1) liberalization of domestic investments; (2) reform of the financial system; (3) liberalization of foreign direct investment in India and of foreign currency exchange; (4) deregulation of trade and abolishment of import licenses; and (5) privatization of public companies. These changes all had a strong effect on traditional small-scale industries in India. In particular, (4) and (5) are important for private companies that now have the ability to trade without import licenses and a multitude of privately held Indian companies were able to access foreign markets more freely. The abovementioned reforms changed the structure of India’s domestic market and industry.
This paper is structured as followed: Section I gives an overview of India’s sericulture, raw silk production and the conditions of trade policies concerning raw silk and textiles. Section II is an integration analysis of India’s domestic raw silk market and the international market. The results are discussed in section III, while section IV is a conclusion.