中国都市部における出稼ぎ労働者と都市戸籍住民者間の賃金格差

業種間格差と業種内格差の影響について

抄録

This paper analyzes the factors that affect wage differentials between migrants and urban register workers in urban China. The empirical analysis focuses on three themes: (i) How are wage differentials influenced by differentials in human capital and discrimination? (ii) How are wage differentials influenced by inter-industrial differentials and intra-industrial differentials? (iii) How are wage differentials influenced by discriminations of opportunity when workers enter industrial sectors and by discriminations in the same industrial sector?
As is well known, in the economic transition period, two phenomena are particularly significant in the urban China labor market. The first is that wage differentials between the migrants and the urban register workers are large. The second is that since the 1990s industrial wage differentials have been growing. This paper analyzes the industrial influences on wage differentials between migrants and urban register workers in urban China. Using micro-data from the 2002 Chinese Household Income Project Surveys of migrants and urban registers(CHIP2002), decompositions based on the Oaxaca-Blinder and Brown decomposition models are analyzed. The main results are as follows.
Firstly, the estimated results based on the Oaxaca--Blinder decomposition model show that although differentials of human capital and discrimination both influence wage differentials, the effect of discrimination is the biggest at 90.05%. These conclusions are similar to those of previous studies.
Second, although the differentials between inter-industrial differentials and intra-industrial differentials both influence wage differentials, the effect of intra-industrial differentials is the biggest at 92.09%.
Third, in terms of the overall effects of discrimination, the discrimination between migrants and urban register workers in the same industrial sector is the biggest at 173.13%. In addition, the discriminations of approach opportunity for entry into the industrial sector also influence wage differentials (17.52%).
These estimated results show that there is segmentation caused by the registration system in the urban China labor market. The existence of discrimination against migrants causes a distortion in the labor allocation, and is thought to have reduced the effectiveness of the resource allocation. It is therefore necessary to reform further the registration system and henceforth promote unification between the rural and the urban labor markets in China.