開発途上国における資源開発とガバナンス

開発援助の視点から

抄録

The governance issues show various aspects in the mining sector in the less developed countries. This article aims to introduce short history and recent trend in the context of development assistance. Development partners such as bilateral and multilateral donor agencies introduced support to enhance “governance.” International standards such as environmental considerations, inclusive development with participatory process, and transparency are also required in the development project in the less developed countries. The other challenge is various choices of partners including private sector.
This article also overviews the governance related issues in mining sector from the perspectives of “rules and regulations” and capacity. Rules and regulations are relatively easy to be introduced (or sometime simply imported) from other countries. The capacity to enforce the rules and regulations is the other important aspect but it requires high-performing personnel and organization as well. The capacity includes knowledge, technology and experience. These challenges on the governance in mining sector are a common issue for both developed and less developed countries, but the adverse effects to local communities and biodiversity tend to be severe with weaker governance.
JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) is the Japanese governmental agency for the implementation of official development assistance. JICA’s assistance in the mining sector consists of four pillars, namely, Infrastructure and Regional Development, Policy Support and Legal System Development, Mineral Resource Management, and Mine Safety and Environmental Measures for Mines. JICA focuses on human resource development in every aspect to meet rising needs for both quantitatively and qualitatively higher level of capacity.