Comprehensive Conservative Dentistry, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan

Department of Molecular Cell Pharmacology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan

Department of Molecular Cell Pharmacology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan

Department of Molecular Cell Pharmacology, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13 Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan

Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan