「満州国」建国大学における武道教育

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the nature of Budo education at Kenkoku University, which was founded by the former Japanese army called the Kantogun and the Chinese collaborators during the Manchurian period in China. The following questions were arisen specifically in relation to the purpose:
1. The ideas behind the establishment of Kenkoku University,
2. The nature of the educational dormitory called JYUKU, and its students and teachers,
3. The nature of education provided through four training subjects,
4. The idea behind Budo as a training subject and on the gymnasium for Budo,
5. Brief careers of the Budo teachers,
6. The arrangement of personal appointments and brief of the advisers for Kendo, Judo and Aikibudo,
7. The team of Budo instruction (Bugaku) at Kenkoku University, and
8. The substance of the Bugaku course.
This study was done by reiew of reference books and listening to old students and teachers of Kenkoku University. In addition, it was based on information which I got in Changchun when I visited the old site of the University in August of 1990.
Briefly, the results were as follows:
1. Kenkoku Univ. was established to foster leaders and government officials for Manchuria. The prime minister was its president. It was a special Univ.
2. About 150 students were gathered from five nations. They were Japanese, Chinese, Mongolian, Russian and Korean. The five races were divided into six JYUKU schools, each consisting of about 25 students from all nations. Kenkoku Univ. consisted of a six-year course divided into two or three-year courses.
3. Training subjects consisted of philosophy, army, Budo and agricultural training. During the first three-year course, students studied these subjects in the afternoon, attesting to their importance in the University curriculum.
4. Vice president Syouichi Sakuta wrote in his book: “Generally, Japanese Budo are not techniques for fighting but for developing the culture of the mind and to foster energy. If we want such strength, we must practice Budo.” In other words, Sakuta expected the students to become men with cultivated minds and physical energy. The gymnasium for Budo was called YOUSEIDO, which was the biggest and most superb building in the Univ.
5. In 1941, there were five full-time teachers in the Univ.; Prof. H. Ishinaka (Kendo), Associate Prof. K. Tomiki (Aikibudo and Budo theory known as Bugaku), K. Manda (Judo), T. Yoshikawa(Kendo), and Assistant Prof. J. Asako (Kendo). About one year later, M. Kagawa (Kyudo) was promoted to Associate Prof. I believe. S. Wakuta (previously Sumo wrestler, Tenryu) was a part-time teacher.
6. It is difficult to say who arranged the personal appointments for these teachers, but three advisers seemed to be related to them; Y. Shimatani (Kendo), S. Fukushima (Judo) and M. Uesiba (Aikibudo).
7. The team of Bugaku was set up at Kenkyuin, which was a research organization of Kenkoku Univ. This team consisted of two low ranking teams, military and martial arts (Budo) team.
8. According to the school regulation, there were four parts in the Bugaku team: Budo and Bujyutu theory, the histories of wars, what wars should be, and the strategy and tactics.