Co-Evolution between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Hosting Galaxies(Interdisciplinary)

Abstract

We present a brief review on the co-evolution between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their hosting galaxies. SMBHs have been thought to be the central engine of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that emit tremendous energy from a very compact region in their nuclei. Although AGNs are observed in only several percent of galaxies, recent observations have shown that almost all of galaxies have a SMBH in their nuclei. It is also found that there is a tight correlation between the SMBH and the bulge masses, suggesting the co-evolution between them. Based on recent observations and theoretical considerations, we discuss what happens in galaxies during the cosmic time.