Majorana Fermions in Superconductors

Abstract

In 1937, E. Majorana introduced a new particle that describes neutral particles. That fermion, which was named as Majorana fermion later, has been expected to be realized as neutrinos or other elementary particles, but no direct experimental evidence has been discovered yet. Recently, possible realization of Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics has been discussed, and indeed several experimental evidences of such Majorana fermions have been reported. In this article, I review topological superconductors in which Majorana fermions are realized, and the Majorana fermions in the topological superconductors.