Machine Learning: What’s Changing and What’s Unchanged

Abstract

This article introduces the recent changes of machine learning and the unchangeable principles of machine learning. First, after showing the definition of machine learning (ML), we describe the research area of ML. We overview these sub-areas from the viewpoints of validity, effectiveness, and efficiency. Then, as a changing part of ML, we briefly show the recent progress of ML. And, we describe three basic principles of ML. Finally, we show the difficulty of using ML techniques, and examples of application of the ML techniques to the natural science area.