New Aspects of Surface Physics Witnessed through Bismuth Thin Films

Abstract

Semimetal bismuth (Bi) plays an irreplaceable role in condensed matter physics due to extreme properties stemming from its tiny carrier pockets and three-dimensional Dirac dispersion. Moreover, the largest spin–orbit coupling has made Bi a central element in recent topological studies. Here, we review recent experimental studies on various topological phases and an insulating phase in Bi films by utilizing quantized electronic structures emerging at the nanoscale. The studies demonstrate fertile grounds for novel properties of matter and unique capabilities of direct observation in surface physics.