- J-STAGEトップ
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- 日本畜産学会報
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- 37 巻 (1966) 5 号
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- 書誌
キネジオロジイの立場からみた犬の姿勢維持と歩行運動
第1報 正常駐立姿勢,前より姿勢および後より姿勢の維持に働く抗重力筋
ジャーナル
フリー
1966 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 177-184
詳細
- 発行日: 1966/05/25 受付日: 1965/12/23 J-STAGE公開日: 2008/03/10 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
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訂正情報
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録 訂正内容: Wrong : Isolated muscle action does not normally occure in the intact animals. Even a brief, non-significant movement in their daily activities is the result of many muscles working as a team under direction of nervous system. In the present investigations the physiology of the muscles and the neuromuscular mechanism will not be discussed; instead a mechanical view of co-ordinated action of the muscle is presented. Concerning with the muscle action in such a fashion, our knowledge is far from complete so far, despite the vast amount of information on joint action and muscle function as well as the rapid advance in instrumentation contributing to analyse muscular activity.
Right : Isolated muscle action does not normally occure in the intact animals. Even a brief, non-significant movement in their daily activities is the result of many muscles working as a team under direction of nervous system. In the present investigations the physiology of the muscles and the neuromuscular mechanism will not be discussed; instead a mechanical view of co-ordinated action of the muscle is presented. Concerning with the muscle action in such a fashion, our knowledge is far from complete so far, despite the vast amount of information on joint action and muscle function as well as the rapid advance in instrumentation contributing to analyse muscular activity.
In this paper, the co-ordinated muscular action occuring in the maintenance of standing posture on level ground and on a board inclined backward or foreward is discussed.
Because the base of support is large, the center of gravity is low and the line of gra-vity falls close to the center or within the base of support. The dog looks to be well in balance and good in stability in any form of standing posture. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the dog can easily stand on a board of acclivity or declivity up to 25 degrees. The muscles examined electromyographically are listed in Tab. 1, with their intensity of contraction in maintaining respective different standing posture.
Since the dog stands on flexed joints, more muscles than expected are forced to partici-pate in stance maintaining and weight bearing. All the stance discussed here, including normal standing, are not relaxed but strained and compelled stances.
As shown in Tab. 1, several common characters of muscular co-ordination basic to standing posture can be found in any form of stances. That is, maintenance of stability of the head and neck is excuted by the dorsal and lateral neck muscles, composed of the anteriorparts of M. semispinalis and M. splenius etc. The shoulder girdle is fixed by M. trapezius, M. rhomboideus and M. serratus. The ball and socket joint of shoulder is balanced by anta-gonistic contration of M. supraspinatus and M deltoideus. The elbow joint is extended by the shorter head of M. triceps brachii, and the carpal joint is fully extended by the flexors around the antebrachium. The body weight is supported by sustentacular action of the flexors of the fore arm. Furthermore, in the hind quarter of the body, expected contraction of M. iliopsoas and easily changable work of M. gluteus are balancing on the head of femur, assisted by M. sartorius and the Hamstrings. The knee joint is stabilized by M. quadriceps femoris and M. gastrocnemius bilaterally and the spring joint by M. gastrocnemius monolaterally.
The foreward-and backward-inclined stances are not necessarily opposite each other from the view points of muscular contraction, but the both are modified stance of the normal striding, with exception of craniad or caudad dislocation of the center of gravity. The major differences in muscle action between the both stances are vigorous increase of the flexors of manus in foreward slant position evoked by advancing of the center of gravity and a slight decrease of stabilizing action in the muscles around the lower parts of fore limb and in the extensors of carpal and digital joints in backward slant position. It is a matter of course that the maint-enance of the head and neck is quite reverse, and stability of the shoulder girdle and balance of the pervic girdle are excuted with unlike fashions between the two. Nevertheless, the working muscules are almost similar, only being diffenent in magnitude of thier activities.
The manners of associated function of the muscles in each of these three kinds of stances are clearly comparative in Fig. 5, showing schematically with their intensity of contraction indicated by the width of stripes.
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル 訂正内容: -
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録 訂正内容: Wrong : Isolated muscle action does not normally occure in the intact animals. Even a brief, non-significant movement in their daily activities is the result of many muscles working as a team under direction of nervous system. In the present investigations the physiology of the muscles and the neuromuscular mechanism will not be discussed; instead a mechanical view of co-ordinated action of the muscle is presented. Concerning with the muscle action in such a fashion, our knowledge is far from complete so far, despite the vast amount of information on joint action and muscle function as well as the rapid advance in instrumentation contributing to analyse muscular activity.
Right : Isolated muscle action does not normally occure in the intact animals. Even a brief, non-significant movement in their daily activities is the result of many muscles working as a team under direction of nervous system. In the present investigations the physiology of the muscles and the neuromuscular mechanism will not be discussed; instead a mechanical view of co-ordinated action of the muscle is presented. Concerning with the muscle action in such a fashion, our knowledge is far from complete so far, despite the vast amount of information on joint action and muscle function as well as the rapid advance in instrumentation contributing to analyse muscular activity.
In this paper, the co-ordinated muscular action occuring in the maintenance of standing posture on level ground and on a board inclined backward or foreward is discussed.
Because the base of support is large, the center of gravity is low and the line of gra-vity falls close to the center or within the base of support. The dog looks to be well in balance and good in stability in any form of standing posture. As shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the dog can easily stand on a board of acclivity or declivity up to 25 degrees. The muscles examined electromyographically are listed in Tab. 1, with their intensity of contraction in maintaining respective different standing posture.
Since the dog stands on flexed joints, more muscles than expected are forced to partici-pate in stance maintaining and weight bearing. All the stance discussed here, including normal standing, are not relaxed but strained and compelled stances.
As shown in Tab. 1, several common characters of muscular co-ordination basic to standing posture can be found in any form of stances. That is, maintenance of stability of the head and neck is excuted by the dorsal and lateral neck muscles, composed of the anteriorparts of M. semispinalis and M. splenius etc. The shoulder girdle is fixed by M. trapezius, M. rhomboideus and M. serratus. The ball and socket joint of shoulder is balanced by anta-gonistic contration of M. supraspinatus and M deltoideus. The elbow joint is extended by the shorter head of M. triceps brachii, and the carpal joint is fully extended by the flexors around the antebrachium. The body weight is supported by sustentacular action of the flexors of the fore arm. Furthermore, in the hind quarter of the body, expected contraction of M. iliopsoas and easily changable work of M. gluteus are balancing on the head of femur, assisted by M. sartorius and the Hamstrings. The knee joint is stabilized by M. quadriceps femoris and M. gastrocnemius bilaterally and the spring joint by M. gastrocnemius monolaterally.
The foreward-and backward-inclined stances are not necessarily opposite each other from the view points of muscular contraction, but the both are modified stance of the normal striding, with exception of craniad or caudad dislocation of the center of gravity. The major differences in muscle action between the both stances are vigorous increase of the flexors of manus in foreward slant position evoked by advancing of the center of gravity and a slight decrease of stabilizing action in the muscles around the lower parts of fore limb and in the extensors of carpal and digital joints in backward slant position. It is a matter of course that the maint-enance of the head and neck is quite reverse, and stability of the shoulder girdle and balance of the pervic girdle are excuted with unlike fashions between the two. Nevertheless, the working muscules are almost similar, only being diffenent in magnitude of thier activities.
The manners of associated function of the muscles in each of these three kinds of stances are clearly comparative in Fig. 5, showing schematically with their intensity of contraction indicated by the width of stripes.
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル 訂正内容: -
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 発行日 訂正内容: 訂正後 : 19660525
訂正日: 2008/03/10 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル 訂正内容: -
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