一地方工業都市における公害問題 : 宇部市の大気汚染対策の事例

抄録

The counter-plan for the pollution has become a serious problem in the regions of the civilized world. So has it been in our country. While the public nuisance has been proceeding rapidly in process of recent remarkable economical development, the preventive regulations of the public nuisance are not promulgated as perfect rules yet. A study is made about how the problem had been solved in the city of Ube. The results of this study may be concluded in the following 1. It was in 1949 that the systematic movement for the air pollution began to rise. There were remarkable affairs that made its systematic movement active and lowered the degree of the air pollution suddenly. (1) The arousal of the public opinion to prevent the air pollution, expecting the industrial development of this region. (2) The positive administration of the city authorities. The counterplan committee was composed of the representatives of the business circles, scholars or managers of the administration, and the men in the street kept co-operating with them closely. (3) It was found practically how the situations of the air pollution did plants, animals, or human bodies harm by dint of continual scientific examinations. (4) The results of the these observations were anounced to the public. These essential elements organically combined each other to propel the counter-plan of the air pollution. 2. The main causes that have important effects upon this air pollution are the comsumption of fuel such as coal or heavy oil, where to place the dust collecting equipments, the distance between factories and the corporate towns, the weather conditions, and the topographies. (1) It is owing to more increase of the dust-collecting equipments and more decrease of the fuel, coal consumption that the amount of falling dusts decreased 40 percent of the highest one. The reason why sulphurous acid gass increases is that the consumption of heavy oil increases while the preventive equipments of diffusion of the acid gass are not established yet. (2) The industrial district lies in the south-west to the part of the corporate town. The wind most offen blows from east and more offen from West. According to this conditions, a great damage will be apt to happen when it blows from SE〜NW. And the fact that there will be a great quantity of the consumption of fuel in winter season is adding evil-conditions to the air pollution. (3) From now on, we hope to advance "Ube method" which wards off the public nuisance, and economic, social development. It is necessary for us to continue to study its nature and its social and regional character scientifically.