Diagnostic Performance of High-Resolution Intravascular Ultrasound for Abnormal Post-Stent Findings After Stent Implantation　― A Comparison Study Between High-Resolution Intravascular Ultrasound and Optical Coherence Tomography ―

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Background:High-resolution intravascular ultrasound (HR-IVUS) is the most recently developed IVUS technology, which allows the detailed assessment of intravascular structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of HR-IVUS in the detection of abnormal post-stent findings.

Methods and Results:Patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent both HR-IVUS and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for post-stent evaluations. Quantitative measurements for stented segments and qualitative assessments for abnormal post-stent findings (stent edge dissection, intrastent tissue protrusion, and incomplete stent apposition [ISA]) were performed. Forty-seven patients underwent both HR-IVUS and OCT after stent implantation. HR-IVUS identified a larger minimal lumen area and a larger minimal lumen diameter than OCT (6.66±1.98 mm²vs. 5.61±1.79 mm²and 2.87±0.42 mm vs. 2.63±0.43 mm, respectively; both P<0.001). The sensitivity of HR-IVUS for the identification of stent edge dissection, intrastent tissue protrusion, and ISA were 20.0%, 48.9%, and 27.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:In terms of post-stent evaluation, the diagnostic performance of HR-IVUS remains insufficient. Abnormal post-stent findings might be underestimated when performing HR-IVUS due to its low sensitivity.