Varicella zoster infection as a risk factor for dementia: a scoping review

Abstract

A scoping review analyzing 21 selected publications was conducted to determine “whether the varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a risk factor for dementia”. One meta-analysis concluded that VZV infection increases dementia risk, while another meta-analysis contradicts this finding. Several reports have shown an increased risk of dementia associated with VZV infections of the eyes and central nervous system. Additionally, a third meta-analysis reported that VZV vaccination reduces dementia. Therefore, VZV infection may be a risk factor for dementia. However, most of the reviewed articles were retrospective cohort studies, which limits the strength of conclusions that can be drawn. To provide more robust evidence, prospective cohort studies and clinical trials are needed to evaluate the impact of VZV itself, as well as the effectiveness of vaccines and antiviral therapies.