日本語パブリックスピーキングにおける説得の特徴——書評ゲーム「ビブリオバトル」の観察から——

抄録

Public speaking skills are considered as an important ability in today’s society; however, it is not easy to make persuasive speeches. This research aims to identify characteristics of persuasive Japanese public speaking by analyzing Bibliobattle speeches. Bibliobattle is a social book review game, where each participant gives a five-minute speech on his/her favorite book in an attempt to persuade as many people as possible to read it, and the best book is elected based on the vote of all participants. Using speeches from All-Japan university Bibiliobattle tournament, including 25 speeches from the final games, 25 from the semi-final games, and five beginners’ speeches, we analyzed the kind of speech that can gain support from the audience, lead the vote, and succeed in persuasion. An analysis of the content of and strategies employed in the speeches was made based on the two concepts of “context sharing” (Yamaji et al., 2014) and “metadiscourse theory” (Hyland, 2005, etc.). Context sharing is a kind of speaker’s action when it attempts to form a common comprehension base for facilitating the audience to accept the contents presented by the speaker later. For that purpose, the speaker makes mention of common experiences or recognitions shared with the audience in the speech’s introduction section. Metadiscourse refers to interpersonal strategies for organizing a discourse or the speaker’s stance toward either the content or audience. From the analysis, the following results can be drawn. In the data from the final games, i.e., from the most persuasive speeches, most speakers tried to conduct context sharing in the introduction section and developed their speeches using the shared contents. The speakers also used metadiscourse expressions for persuading the audience effectively. It may be possible to apply these findings to types of public speaking other than Bibliobattle.