建設業における構造変化と現段階における建設職人の性格

抄録

The aim of this report is to examine the existing form of building craftsmen mainly from the viewpoint of the craftsmen labor.
1) The change in the production method has influenced the character of building craftsmen's skills and produced the collective educational form, namely co-operative vocational training in business. At the same time, the character of skill which is based on manual arts could make the skill in selfcontroled craftsman group much higher.
2) The piecemaster system which you can see in Nochoba (where they build large-scale buildings) has been destroyed on account of the simplycity of substances of.labor and the shortage of building craftsmen. Piecemaster craftsmen (Sewayaku) have become foremen and on the other hand there has occured the division of craftsmen who engaged only in Nochoba (especially, frame-making craftsmen).
3) Sub-contract business which was changed from piecemaster in Nochoba has controlled subordinate craftsmen relatively and have enlarged business scale, while piecemaster craftsmen have become foremen.
4) In the case of machiba craftsmen (who make small-scale buildings like houses), the simplification of skills, due to the change in productive method, has produced the tendency to change machiba craftsmen into simple laborers.
5) This change of machiba craftsmen has not prevented craftsmen from changing into master. Even if a craftsman is able to become a small master (the scale from 1 to 10 persons), he cannot always have work, and sometimes he is forced to work under another big master as employed craftsman. Thus, the change of craftsmen into wage earners has occurred with disappearance of small masters.
6) Finally, you can notice that it has very little possibility that the position of master itself will develop or rise. The smaller masters are, the less the possibility of enlargement of business scale becomes. Even if they can enlarge their business scale, the stability depends on relative condition and has the tendency of failure.