学校の逆機能

社会化困難性をめぐって

抄録

1. Changes of the School Goals
Recentry the contents of the school goals have been much changed. These changes depend on the changes of the school roles in the industrialized society. Secondly, the changes of the school roles come from the changes of social expectations for the educational training. Today school is only an adaptive institution which follows social change; therefore, school has been turned into the center of a cultural lag and social conflict.
2. Aspects of dysfunctions. It is true that school is an effective agency of socialization and an allocative agency of participants. However, social functions of school are mostly not carried into effect. They bring in unanticipated consequences which are called latent functions of variables by R.K.Merton. We use the following conceptual scheme for the analysis of the effects of socialization in the schools.
In Aspect A, successful socialization will be performed, but Aspect C is the unanticipated dysfunctional consequence which is incompatible with the school goals or moral expectations. On the other hand, Aspect B is the by-product which intensifies the social integration and the morale of the school. Aspect D has a deviant and antisocial culture in nature.
3. Socialization pattern in the School.
We are able to analize more clearly the socialization process in the school by the adoption of the concept prisonization; internalization of the general culture, norms and customs in the prison community.
In the school, socialization is effective in the beginning term to produce conformity of behavior. In the middle term, socialization functions are reduced and deviant behaviors of participants increase.In the last graduation term, resocialization functions of the school come into effect and conformity also increases in number.