生活時間研究

その適用と展望

抄録

Most of the social problems at present are closely related to the way by which we use our time and in recent years time budget is a subject of a growing concern in various research fields. In this paper, through my experiences and the development at the international level, I try to explain the viewpoints of the application and the problems to be solved for the review of time budget study. For this purpose, I concentrated this study on the following four viewpoints.
1. Specific-General
Specific viewpoint means to focus on the specific activity in the general activity. Explaining the history of time budget study and the four specific activity studies, I make clear the evolution, from specific to general viewpoint. Furthermore, the two important problems, the activity model and the role of education, are pointed out.
2. Micro-Macro (Individual·Family·Society)
The temporal structure and the analytical framework differ with the objects, i. e., whether they are focused on the individual (micro) or collectivity (macro). Especially, I concentrated this discussion on the three levels, 1) Individual; motivation-choice-activity model 2) Family; joint time budget
3) Society; convergence-divergence.
We may look at human activity in varying perspectives by shifting the time scale from the day, to the week, to the year, and to the full span of man's life. But the most of studies was applied to the daily activities. It is necessary to expand the application to longer time scale.
4. Time-Money-Space
In addition to the relation between time and activity, we must get hold of the integration of time, money and space. So the interdisciplinary approach is indispensable for time budget study.