ドイツ語圏における大学の階層構造

18世紀末以降の医学の場合

抄録

It is said that modern German university system has characteristics of equal prestige structure, competition, rapid diffusion of innovation and frequent mobility of student and professors among institutoins.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the change of prestige structure of university system in German-speaking world from the late 18th century to 1969. Appointment to professorship is a part of reward system of science. To measure prestige in medical faculties from the data of mobility of fullprofessors is tried. And the prestige structure in each period is examined historocally.
The prestige index is defined as follows:
P. I.=(The number of professors who moved in)/(The number of professors who moved out+1)
Division of the period is as follows:
The period (-1809); the 2nd period (1810-1871); the 3 rd period (1872-1918); the 4th period (1919-1948); the 5th period (1949-1969)
The most prestigeous university is Halle in the 1st period, Berlin, Wien, Göttingen in the 2nd period, Berlin, Wien, Mtinchen in the 3rd and 4th period. In the 4th period mobility from political reason is frequent, and the prestige of many universities which would be in DDR after the second world war, including Berlin, decreases, and that of Swiss university increases. In the 5 th period, the most prestigeous university is Miinchen, and the next is Bonn, Freiburg, Heidelberg, and large city university like Frankfurt, Hamburg.
Generally, through these periods, the prestige of the universities in provincial area such as Innsbruck, Giessen, Rostock, Greifswald is low, and these universities are starting point of full-professor. Contrarily, the prestige of university in the capital of large state (Land) like Prussia, Bayern, Austraria is high, and these universities are the final reaching point of mobility.
Finally, the appropriateness of the prestige index proposed here is examined in terms of population of students and the number of novel prize holder in each university.