科学における報賞の分布と配分

日本の化学を例にして

抄録

The purpose of this article is to study the characteristics of the reward system of Japanese chemistry, using 124 university chemists sample in Japan. After reviewing R.K. Merton'stheory of the reward system, the distribution of rewards (measured by citation count) is examined, and the factors affecting the numbers of citation received is analized. The results are as follows:
(1) The distribution of rewards follows to the negative binomial distribution. It means that the more a chemist has enjoyed rewards, the more he gets rewarded, while the less he has enjoyed rewards, the less he gets rewarded. We confirmed the Mathew effect in the reward system of Japanese chemistry.
(2) The principle of reward allocation is not ascription (age, affiliation, terminal degree conferring institution), but performance (productivity). The Mathew effect operates as a performance principle in japanesechemistry.