中国における短期高等教育の構造と職業教育の導入

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to explore the structure of short-term higher education (SHE) and its relation to vocational education in China.
Before examining the structure of SHE in China, the paper begins Classifying SHE from the viewpoint of international comparison. As the result the three types come up: vocational education, liberal education, and mixture type. After that, the features of each type are presented and evaluated.
The paper then gives an overview of the process of the development of SHE in China, and examines its structure. Chinese SHE has taken the form of “short-cycle courses, ” a mixture type.
Furthermore, the author investigates the background that higher vocational education began in the mid-1990s. The author finds four main reasons: 1) new demand for higher education among graduates of vocational-type high-schools has swelled, 2) the supply of higher education has changed, in particular, short-term higher education has expanded, 3) the structural problems have arisen in the educational system, 4) the economic structure has changed so rapidly that economic organizations (enterprises, etc.) have been eager to recruit people with high vocational skills.
The paper shows once feature of Chinese higher vocational education is practicing through reformed pre-existing shot-term higher education institutions, and supplemented by several specialized second schools by policy of “internal development”, and main task of vocational type SHE of China is reform of its Curriculum.
The last, the author sees that reform of its Curriculum confronts great difficulty on certain grounds economic quickly growing and structure and vocational structure changing in China.