需要構造からみた中国民営高等教育

浙江省の事例から

抄録

The marketization of higher education has brought about two major changes in China. One has been the implementation of various reform programs in the public sector of higher education, in aspects such as governance and finance. The other concerns the expansion of the private sector, as witnessed by a dramatic increase in the number of privately-run institutions in post-secondary education. This paper aims to explore the structure and functions of the private sector in China. The topic can therefore be broken down into three research questions. First, what kinds of individuals go to these privately-run institutions?
Second, what are their motivations for going to these institutions? Third, what are the corresponding relationships between the categorization of students and the institutions? The data presented in this paper were collected from a questionnaire survey entitled “Attitude Survey of Students in Privately-run Institutions in Post-secondary Education, ” which was conducted in June 2001, with a sampling size of 430 students, in Zhejiang, China.
The major findings can be summarized as follows. Although the data showed that the private sector provided students who could not enter public sector institutions with chances for advancement to higher education, the aspiration and motivations of the students were extremely varied. Furthermore, I examined the relationship between the categorization of students and institutions. Compared to the higher-ranked institutions, lower-ranked institutions tended to take in students who showed stronger aspiration toward higher education. In other words, privately-run institutions play not only a supplementary role to the public sector, as stated above, but also contribute toward providing more diversity in educational opportunity.