Crystal orientation and growth of electrolytic copper foils

Abstract

The copper foil crystals have been found to grow with lateral growth of macrosteps on the (100) surface of the f.c.c. structure. The copper foil crystals with geratin additive have the (111) orientation and have triangular pyramidal morphology. With chloride only and geratin and chloride, the crystals have (110) orientation and pyramidal morphology. Both of these crystals grow with the lateral growth of macrosteps on the (100) surface. The cross sections and the surface roughness have been successfully explained by our proposed crystal growth mechanism of macrostep lateral growth on the (100) surfaces and the crystal orientations of (111) and (110).