Development of a Copper-electrodeposited Gold Electrode for an Amperometric Creatinine Sensor to Detect Creatinine in Urine without Pretreatment

Abstract

A copper-electrodeposited gold electrode that can quantitatively detect creatinine without being affected by urine components and can use collected urine as it is produced. In this study, the effect of interfering compounds was eliminated, and the linear range was expanded by increasing the concentration of Nafion covering the electrodes. Furthermore, by extending the electrodeposition time, the linear range was further expanded, and it was possible to measure concentrations up to 12.3 mM (M = mol dm⁻³), which is equivalent to the creatinine concentration range in the urine of healthy individuals.