SPRACHFELDの理論的・実践的効用 : 構造文法の盲点をついて

抄録

Haugen and other rightly criticized str. gram. for its mathematical circularity. Their calling, however, for the tying of the floating circularity (the principle of Distribution) to external constants (the prin. of Identity) cannot easily be accepted. Because 1. a mere putting together of the heterogeneous antipodes has no scientific significance, and 2. an unconditional reliance on the extra-linguistic necessarily runs the risk of retreating to the old grammar (to which, Haugen avows, he 'would not go back'), and 3. a simple and naive assumption of constant correspondence or association between ling. and extra-ling. elements will imply Konstanzannahme, which forms the fons et origo of Elementalism. The present writer considers the blind spot of str. gram. is not in its adoption of functional concepts, but in its application and practice of them, and proposes to vanquish the unwarrantable over-estrangement of the intra-ling. from the extra-ling. by introducing the concept of Sprachfeld, which, being a definitely dynamic concept (unlike the crude, ill-defined ling. situation), can bring certain aspects of the extra-ling. into a larger whole of functional relationship with the intra-ling. After reviewing the popular equation of the ling. sit. with the Sit. of Presence, and the two-field theories of Richards' and Biihler's, the writer proceeds to map out the three levels of Sprachfeld (F. d. Anschauung, F. d. Erzahlung and F. d. Aufgabe), in the light of which he puts forth a new, (macro-)functional clarification of the entire tectonic structure of language, revealing in particular various levels of Subj.-Pred. relationship, which have been regarded under one head indiscriminately as symbolic of the automony of language, but are really dependent on Sprachfeld in their respective ways. In the clarification he also settles the conflict concerning Subj. and Pred. between followers of traditional logic and emancipators of grammar from logic.